Bulgarian Empire

"If you want to get rich, build roads first", this sentence was also applicable at the beginning of the 20th century. Regardless of the fact that Bulgaria has planned a bunch of industrial plans, most of them have not yet started.

Everyone is waiting for the government to build roads? As long as the traffic problem is not solved, the large-scale industrial plan is nonsense!

The development of the local Balkans has been very good. Ferdinand does not intend to continue to develop heavy industry here, while the development of other areas is very backward. Even the Asia Minor peninsula, which has been operated by the Ottoman Empire for hundreds of years, has no What a decent industry.

Since the Bulgarian army landed on the Asia Minor peninsula in 1916, road construction has already begun. At present, there are more than one million prisoners of war under the railway company, fighting for this great and sacred cause.

If prisoners, ordinary railway workers, and industrial workers and technical personnel of supporting enterprises are added, the entire staff of the Bulgarian Railway Company alone exceeds 2.6 million!

Now that the Great Highway Project is launched, Bulgaria's road construction army will once again exceed one-tenth of the total population, to be exact, one-tenth of the registered population!

Such a high labor input ratio is naturally impossible under normal circumstances. Other industries in the country also need labor. Fortunately, this era is a colonial era, and there are cheap labor available.

By the end of 1921, the population of Bulgaria with household registration had exceeded 48.76 million, of which more than 3.4 million were naturalized immigrants, and the rest was the growth of the new population.

Perhaps it was suppressed for a long time during the World War. Since 1919, the domestic baby boom broke out, and the birth rate reached a peak of 5.18% in 1920. (Refer to Russian data)

This is also the peak since the founding of Bulgaria. According to estimates by experts from the Population Agency, this wave of baby boom may last until around 1930.

This means that in the next ten years, Bulgaria's population growth rate will remain between 3.1% and 3.8%. They are optimistic about the population doubling plan within 20 years.

As a price, the Chancellor of the Exchequer cried poor to Ferdinand every day!

From now on, the Bulgarian government will pay more than one million mothers wages during pregnancy every year, and the rural population is also included in the budget.

According to the new labor law, the minimum wage in Bulgaria is not less than 75 levs per month and 3 levs per day, which means 450 levs for half a year.

This alone costs more than 450 million levs per year! If we add in the free medical expenses during the childbearing period and the incentive policy starting from the third child, as much as 700 million levs will be invested every year for family planning.

If the investment in this area is high, the investment in other areas will be low. There is no way around this. Entering the early 1930s, Bulgaria was also a well-developed country at that time.

However, in terms of social welfare, Bulgaria is far behind European countries. The Germans had established a universal pension system as early as the 1880s.

Since then, the era of human pensions has begun, and now most countries in Europe have established pension systems. The establishment of Bulgaria's social pension system has long become a hot topic in society.

This problem has also plagued Ferdinand for a long time. The current most popular pension system in the world is funded by pension insurance and government financial appropriations.

The short-term social pressure is not great. Bulgaria's average life expectancy has just exceeded 65 years, and the era of population aging has not yet arrived.

But the future will be troublesome. Perhaps within a hundred years, Bulgaria will not have to worry about pensions. Anyway, there is oil behind it, and the government cannot be poor!

If Ferdinand was only the president of the country, he would be willing to do so, without thinking so far, and directly build a high-welfare society, hello, hello, hello everyone!

It's a pity that he is the king, and he has to think long-term,

If the development of oil resources is over, or the birth of new energy replaces oil, what should Bulgaria do?

History has already told him that in a country that relies too much on resources, once the resources are exhausted, the entire society will immediately collapse!

Then Ferdinand smiled again, and it seemed that this loophole could be plugged in advance.

Now Bulgaria is still a struggling country, everyone has a strong sense of social responsibility, and there are very few people who are greedy for pleasure. If a shackle is set up in advance to limit the dependence of future generations on resources, it seems to be very clever!

...

After April Fool's Day, Ferdinand sought advice from the whole society on the establishment of the Bulgarian pension system, and also held a government seminar.

Prime Minister Constantine reported to Ferdinand Hui: "Your Majesty, this is our government's plan for establishing a pension system. Please read it!"

Ferdinand took the document without opening it, and asked directly: "First of all, what kind of pension system does the government plan to establish, where does the fund come from, and how is the payment ratio calculated?

Covering the crowd, and those? How can we ensure the smooth implementation of this plan and its long-term development! "

Constantine thought for a while and said: "The pension system that the government plans to establish is mainly to learn from Britain, France and Germany, and we are currently planning to implement pension insurance.

That is to say, young people pay pension insurance and provide pensions to the elderly. Our government has calculated in detail that there are about 2.2 million people over the age of 60 in Bulgaria.

According to the principle of fairness, we only need to provide pensions to those who have made contributions to Bulgaria, that is, people who have worked in Bulgaria for more than 20 years and have Bulgarian nationality. These people only account for 1.8 million people.

According to the current minimum wage standard in society, if pensions are issued, a total of 1.62 billion levs will be needed.

At present, there are more than 23 million young men and women of school age in the country. If calculated on the basis of 1.62 billion levs, then each person only needs to pay 71 levs.

This is less than their monthly salary, which is completely within everyone's tolerance! If this cycle continues, we can adjust the pension insurance according to the actual situation! "

Looking at such a simple and rude pension system, Ferdinand shook his head helplessly, and then said: "Your Excellency, have you considered that the average life expectancy in Bulgaria is now 65 years, but in 1889, when Bulgaria The average life expectancy of Chinese people is only 52 years old!

If nothing else, you will be surprised to find that our average life expectancy will exceed 70 years old within ten years, and our average life expectancy may exceed 75 years old in twenty years!

As the life expectancy continues to increase, the demand for pensions in society will also rise sharply. Our rapid population growth cannot continue indefinitely. What should we do once the aging society comes?

And the people who want us seem to be under little economic pressure, and everyone’s life is pretty good, but don’t forget that they also have to raise children. It’s not uncommon for two adults to raise four, five, or even seven or eight children. .

Now the rewards and subsidies issued by our government seem to be enough for them to raise their children in the short term, but don't forget the existence of inflation. With the development of the economy, price rises are inevitable.

We cannot guarantee that the income of each of them can increase simultaneously. The current pension does not seem to be much, but what about the future?

Now there are 1.8 million people receiving pensions, and ten years from now there may be 3.8 million people receiving pensions, or even 4 million people receiving pensions. However, it is impossible for our contributors to double within ten years!

And this payment base will continue to increase? What should we do if we wait until decades later and the aging population arrives?

What should we do if one day our whole society becomes four or five generations under one roof?

Ten young people raising one old man, everyone can bear it, five young people raising one old man, everyone can bear it, but one young man raising several old people, I guess this will kill our offspring!

Don't rush to deny this possibility. With the deepening of industrialization, it is inevitable that the birth rate will decline. At the same time, the population carrying capacity of the earth is also limited. It is inevitable that this situation will break out one day in the future! "

Constantine was dumbfounded, and everyone was also dumbfounded. They thought it was just a simple problem, but now it has turned into such a complicated social problem.

What should I do? Ferdinand didn't know what to do either! Relying on the social pension insurance system will definitely not be able to solve Bulgaria's future pension problems, unless the average life expectancy of the whole society is reduced, or the payment period is continuously increased, and the pension period is reduced.

That being the case, it is better to directly disclose this issue to the whole society, and let the Bulgarian people decide whether to establish this pension system for themselves!

That's right, Ferdinand doesn't intend to jump into the huge pit of welfare. It is only the beginning of the 20th century, and the wealth created by the whole society is limited, and it is impossible to improve social welfare endlessly.

A pension system still needs to be established, but the standard of payment cannot be as high as the outside world guesses. With the development of society and economy, human beings consume more and more limited social wealth when it comes to food.

Therefore, it is in line with the actual situation in Bulgaria to establish a minimum living security pension insurance, but to establish a pension system that is equivalent to the income of ordinary workers is out of the question, and he does not want to deceive future generations!

Whether to pay endowment insurance is a matter for the people to decide for themselves. If it is not possible, the government may establish a relief organization in the future.

Seeing everyone's stunned expressions, Ferdinand knew that these issues were not in their consideration. No way, this is also a reality. How many politicians will consider issues decades from now?

If everyone thinks so long-term, Europe will not decline in later generations. Most countries are dragged to death by high welfare!

"Okay, I hope you will study this issue in depth and consider the issue more comprehensively. At the same time, you should also explain the situation to the whole society and see who has a good solution to solve this problem!" Ferdinand said again

Chancellor of the Exchequer Kennedy thought for a while and said: "Your Majesty, can we solve this problem through taxation?

For example: collect personal income tax, and achieve this goal by raising taxes on high-income groups, without passing this burden on to the whole society! "

Ferdinand shook his head and said: "Personal income tax can be collected, but relying on this to solve the pension problem is tantamount to nonsense!

And it is very troublesome, maybe the money received is not enough to pay the tax collectors!

We can't supervise it at all. The capitalists have a lot of ways to avoid taxes, personal income tax, and in the end they can only collect some money from the middle class!

For example: What if the company does not pay dividends? They even offer themselves a super-low salary of 1 leva, and put all their profits on the company's accounts. All their expenses can be paid from the company's accounts, without affecting their daily life at all!

It is impossible for you to collect personal income tax according to the finances of his business, right? "

Kennedy said unwillingly: "What if there is an inheritance tax?"

Ferdinand shook his head and said, "Inheritance tax must not be collected!

The collection of inheritance tax will cause very bad social impact, and even affect the national stability of Bulgaria!

Now we want to encourage everyone to invest in industries. If the government wants to levy inheritance tax, who would dare to invest in industries?

Once the assets become real estate, your inheritance tax rate will be slightly higher, and the heirs will not be able to pay taxes in cash, what should you do?

Is it to let the company go bankrupt directly? In other words, the government can still accept the shares? If this is the case, it may not be long before our state-owned enterprises are left in the whole of Bulgaria!

More often than not, the capitalists signed an inheritance agreement before their death, such as selling the enterprise at a price of one lev. Is this tax still necessary?

Of course, we can also collect according to the actual value of the enterprise, and the consequence will return to the previous question, the enterprise will either go bankrupt or the government will take over the shares! "

Kennedy remained silent. As long as the main body of Bulgaria's economy is industry, then the inheritance tax is doomed to be unfeasible. There is even greater resistance, which comes from the power of tradition, and the whole society will oppose the collection of inheritance tax!

If this tax is introduced, the peasant class will riot. Now the peasant class in Bulgaria is very strong, and it is the class with the most combat effectiveness.

The military aristocrats are the spokespersons of the peasant class in the government. In terms of interests, they stand together. Whoever dares to move their land will be killed by them!

Now Bulgaria can collect any tax, except inheritance tax, whoever touches it will be finished!

Kennedy seemed to have thought of something, and cold sweat had begun to break out on his forehead. Fortunately, he proposed it at a high-level meeting of the government, and the news would not be leaked.

If it is left to the outside world, based on this proposal to levy an inheritance tax, he will be ruined. It is better not to do things against the entire Bulgarian people!

Then Kennedy looked at Ferdinand gratefully. He knew that he had already gone through the gate of hell just now. If Ferdinand hadn't explained it evasively, he would be finished once the lid was lifted!

Of course, what he didn't know was that His Majesty the King in front of him was the backbone of the opposition to the inheritance tax. Who made his vests spread all over Bulgaria?

Once there is an inheritance tax, the most heartbreaking scene will appear. Most of the inheritance tax in the country is paid by him alone!

How can this work? Isn't this equivalent to a tax set specifically for him alone?

As the boss of this country, it is already very face-saving for him to be able to pay taxes. If there is another tax set specifically for him, is there any law for him?

This kind of hidden danger must be snuffed out in the cradle. He has decided to add an article to the constitution, not to levy inheritance tax on any real property, land and real estate!

Taking advantage of the current social environment, all vested interests in Bulgaria are members of the opposition to the collection of inheritance tax, and directly eliminate this hidden danger!

At this time, many people reacted and looked at Kennedy with a little unkindness. Even if you want to court death, don't you bring such a thing?

Everyone has a lot of land? Once the inheritance tax is levied, everyone present counts as one, and they are the main force in paying taxes.

They are all a generation of nobles, and there are not many who can get this money! If there is no money, the land will be reduced. Isn't this killing them?

Ferdinand had already mourned for Kennedy in his heart for three seconds, knowing that his future life would be difficult. Considering that he still needs this capable finance minister now, he opened his mouth to relieve him.

"Okay, let's stop with the question of increasing taxes, no one is allowed to mention it outside!

The topic of today's discussion is the issue of pensions. The government must consider the issue comprehensively, and at the same time publicize these possible situations to all sectors of society.

The establishment of a pension system is a long-term social problem. We cannot make arbitrarily direct decisions. It must be discussed by all Bulgarian people and let them decide whether to establish this system!

And whether to achieve full coverage is also a problem. Everyone's income is different, and the economic level of each place is also different. How to determine this standard is also a very serious problem!

When the government comes down, we need to go out and see more, and listen to what ordinary Bulgarians say. Before the pension system is established, we can establish a social assistance system.

Provide the most basic social assistance to those old people who have made contributions to Bulgaria and now lose their labor force, have no children, or whose children cannot afford their pension obligations! "

...

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