Carefree Prince In Tang Dynasty

"Yes!" Li Xin nodded and said, "Let them fight. This is an experiment in itself, or the prototype of an experiment. I want to make it a real proof of martial arts between two people. For high and low experiments, we must also add enough constraints."

Xu Jingchen nodded and said sincerely: "I would like to hear the details."

Li Xin said casually: "Let's imagine a situation where A and B fight once and A loses. Does this mean that B's martial arts is higher than A? In other words, if A's martial arts is higher than B, Can A guarantee to defeat B every time?"

Xu Jingchen shook his head and said, "It may not be. There may be accidental factors, such as carelessness."

Li Xin nodded and said, "Yes. Therefore, the results of a single experiment alone are not enough to explain the problem. We must conduct several more experiments to increase the convincing power of the experiment. This is one of the most important principles of the experiment-repetition. ."

As we all know, human beings have some problems with being good teachers. When Li Xin faced Xu Jingchen's expression of listening attentively, he couldn't help but feel a little complacent. When he talked about the word "repetition", he suddenly regretted that there was no blackboard in front of him. Otherwise, he could tap on the blackboard to emphasize that this is a test site. It must be very interesting to think about.

Xu Jingchen has long known the truth of "solitary cases failing to prove", so now he just silently keeps the word "repetition" in mind, waiting for Li Xin's continued explanation.

Li Xin continued: "Then, suppose we have made A and B fight ten times, and A has won eight times, can we say that A must have a higher martial art than B?" After speaking, he smiled again. To Xu Jingchen.

Xu Jingchen frowned, hesitated for a moment, then said: "Should...can't it?"

Li Xin smiled and said, "Why?"

Xu Jingchen smiled bitterly and shook his head, and said, "I don't know. But I always feel that there should be a reason for King Chu's question."

Li Xin laughed twice and said: "It is indeed impossible. There are many reasons. To take the simplest example, if A and B are fighting, B has been hungry for two days, and A will be hungry for two days. You can eat every meal. Under such a prerequisite, even if A wins B eight times, everyone will only think that A is not martial, but that his martial arts is strong?"

Xu Jingchen nodded.

"So what's the fairest way to do it? Of course it is to feed both A and B, and let the two fight when they are physically strong and energetic, so that they can be fully persuasive, right?" Li said.

"Yes." Xu Jingchen answered without hesitation.

"There are many factors that affect the outcome of a battle. The level of martial arts is of course the most important factor, but the physical strength and mental state, the difference in the venue, the height and weight difference between the A and B, and even the difference in gender... ......These various factors, in fact, cannot be ignored." Li Xin said slowly, "These factors that can affect the results of the experiment, but have nothing to do with the problem we want to explore, are the so-called'interference. factor'."

Xu Jingchen suddenly realized: "So, we must eliminate these interferences as much as possible, keep A and B under the same conditions, and make martial arts the only factor that affects the results of the experiment as much as possible!"

Li Xin gave a thumbs up and praised: "You are really talented! Yes. During the experiment, interference factors must be eliminated as much as possible, and the most important way to eliminate interference factors is to keep the experimental subjects under the same conditions as possible. . This is the other most important principle of the experiment-control."

Finished, I want to hit the blackboard again. Li Xin thought amusedly.

Repetition and comparison, four simple words, are the two cornerstones of later experimental science. It can be said that all other principles are actually developed based on these two points.

Xu Jingchen picked up the experimental plan that Li Xin had put on the table before, and smiled bitterly: "This time I understand. My division of experimental subjects does not conform to the principle of control."

Li Xin nodded and said: "I don't understand your specific medical problems. Maybe you are the same in the classification of diseases, but in addition to the disease's response to the drugs, age, gender, and weight also affect the results of the experiment. So I think you should divide these experimental subjects into different groups according to these factors, and compare between the corresponding groups in order to draw the most correct conclusion."

Xu Jingchen nodded repeatedly.

"Moreover, in addition to repetition and control, there are two very important errors in medical trials to avoid." Although Li Xin has not explained the concept of "error", Xu Jingchen, as the name suggests, understands what Li Xin said. meaning.

"King of Chu, please advise." Xu Jingchen said curiously.

"The names of these two errors are the placebo effect and the observer effect." Li Xin originally wanted to change the two effects to a Chinese-style name, but he couldn't think of any good ones. And cheeky and changed them to "Li Xin's first effect" and "Li Xin's second effect", Li Xin is a bit embarrassed, he has not been shameless to such an extent, so he had to use their Chinese in later generations. Name.

Xu Jingchen blinked innocently, looking ignorant and ignorant. He still doesn't know what kind of demons he will face.

Li Datong: "It is actually very simple to say. The so-called placebo effect means that if we give a patient a medicine that is actually useless, but as long as the patient does not know that the medicine is useless and believes that the medicine can cure him, he Maybe there will be a certain degree of healing."

Xu Jingchen had never heard of such a thing, and said in surprise: "Really? Is there anything like this?"

Li Xin smiled and nodded, and said: "If you don't believe me, you can try. Just find two groups of patients with headaches, one group will not give them anything to eat, and the other group will just get them some herbal tea to drink, but don't Tell them that they only drink herbal tea, but to tell them that this herbal tea is a medicine for headaches. You will see it later, people in the herbal tea group will definitely tell you that their head hurts less. This is the placebo effect."

"What about the observer effect?" Although Xu Jingchen couldn't digest this matter yet, it didn't prevent him from continuing to ask curiously.

He has learned too much today, almost beyond his ability to accept and understand that is much higher than ordinary people. As he listened, he couldn't help thinking in his heart: Where did the King Chu, who was only seventeen years old, know so much knowledge? Is there really any saint in the world who is born to know?

If Wang Gui could know what Xu Jingchen was thinking at the moment, he would surely burst into tears with excitement on the spot, and then show him a look that is hard to find. It's nothing more than that I want to meet Zhong Ziqi in Lai Bo Ya.

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