Greece’s Roman Road

With a bundle of artemisia annua brought back from the hunting grounds, Constantine came to the study to ponder the chemistry knowledge of junior high school carefully.

Artemisinin is an organic substance. Since it is an organic substance, it is easily soluble in organic solutions. This is the principle of extracting artemisinin.

The reason why Constantine was so eager to make artemisinin was not that he was eager to sell artemisinin to make money.

It was the 500 members of the Royal Guard, who were ready to go to Africa after Constantine's order.

Constantine just wanted to minimize non-combat attrition. In southern Africa, where the environment is harsh, hot and rainy, and mosquito-infested, the threat of disease to combatants may be far greater than other factors, so it ranks first. Clash of the Cameron Expeditions.

Artemisia annua, which can cure malaria, was one of the supplies that Constantine prepared for his guards.

As for why the cinchona bark is not used and artemisinin is used so much, the reasons are complicated.

The first reason, and nothing else, is the high price.

Cinchona bark is native to the Andes Mountains in the South American continent. Since its inception, the price has remained high, and countless people have flocked to it.

The emergence of every kind of special medicine is a carnival of capital.

To put it bluntly, there are countless people who use special drugs to become rich.

Cinchona bark is no exception.

Because the demand for cinchona trees is huge, the wild species cannot withstand human exploitation, and the number is getting smaller and smaller.

Cinchona tree is a very delicate and picky tree species. If the environment is not suitable, even if it can be transplanted successfully, the content of active ingredients (quinine) will be very low.

The British government made several attempts, but the cinchona tree planted had no medicinal value at all, and finally gave up.

The Dutch came to Java, where the climate conditions are similar to the Andes, and it took 30 years to successfully plant the medicinal cinchona tree.

The Dutch have put in so much energy and money, but they are not doing good deeds, and in the end they have to earn double from the cinchona bark.

The success of this planting has directly allowed the Dutch to control the world market of quinine (extract of cinchona bark, treatment of malaria) for nearly a hundred years.

Seeing that the Dutch made a lot of money with quinine, the jealous British were unwilling to fail, so they tried again to plant cinchona trees in India.

The planting was successful, but the active ingredient content of quinine is low, and the international market does not recognize it at all.

The British, who were forced to do so, could only sell in India.

The result is that 2 million people die each year from malaria in India, a very stable number.

The Dutch controlled the raw material market, and in order to obtain higher economic benefits, they controlled its price with an iron fist.

Every time the price of cinchona bark in the international market drops, they destroy some cinchona trees!

The U.S. Department of Justice once accused the Dutch of violating U.S. antitrust laws and confiscated five tons of Dutch cinchona bark in New York.

The Dutch control of cinchona bark is evident.

The second reason is the serious side effects.

Cinchona bark, this herb, when it is ineffective, it is not clear whether the dose is not enough or the ingredients of the raw materials are wrong.

If you take too much, the side effects will be very serious.

These include tinnitus, deafness, diarrhea, headaches, visual disturbances, and, in severe cases, death.

Therefore, the trouble is more troublesome. Besides, after making it successfully, you can still master a fortune, and you can make a lot of money.

How can you ignore the opportunity to make a fortune like the Dutch.

Constantine asked his servants to mash the washed artemisia annua, and then took four bottles of four bottles of high liquor-vodka, soaked the artemisia crumbs, and after two days, filtered the residue with gauze to get bottled green artemisia A mixture of juice and alcohol.

Those who have received nine years of compulsory education are excellent, Constantine exclaimed.

Knowledge is money!

As for the efficacy of the medicine, this is a little troublesome. Whether the Artemisia annua prepared by this method is effective or not will only be known after testing.

The next morning after the successful preparation, Constantine came to the Athens City Hospital with the homemade artemisinin.

The Athens City Hospital, even the patients of the royal family, come here to seek medical treatment for general illnesses.

It is the best hospital in Greece. It receives a large number of patients every day, and there must be malaria patients.

Athens City Hospital, Dean Philip's Office.

"You said you invented a new drug to treat malaria?" After hearing Constantine's intention, Dean Philip, who wore gold glasses, was full of suspicion.

"Your Excellency Duke, I want to solemnly remind you that medicine is very serious, and it is not something that is willful. It concerns people's lives," Dean Philip said solemnly.

"President Philip, I understand the truth. You can help me and conduct a drug test. If it doesn't work, I apologize to you."

After struggling for a long time, Dean Philip firmly disagreed and conducted a drug experiment of artemisinin.

Constantine was also very helpless. He didn't know whether to praise Philip for his due diligence or scold him for being stubborn and stubborn.

There is no other way but to use the lure.

"As long as you help me do this drug experiment, I will help you get the body of the Athens prison, how about that?" Constantine, who didn't want to be entangled with this old stubborn, used his trump card.

I don't believe that after listening to this condition, you still don't agree.

Sure enough, after hearing about Constantine's conditions, Philip looked at Constantine in surprise, his gray beard shaking continuously.

The 19th century was a period of rapid progress in European medicine. Doctors were a special profession with strong practicality. The more examples they came into contact with, the stronger their professional abilities.

The medical level of the 19th century developed very rapidly, especially surgery.

The development of surgery has saved many lives, and the advancement of surgical knowledge largely depends on the development of anatomy.

Anatomy is a specialized subject that pays great attention to summarizing experience from practice. UU Reading www.uukanshu.com

The practice mentioned here is to do indescribable things to the corpse.

However, due to the constraints of social ethics and morality, it is unacceptable for the public, especially religious people, to dissect corpses in an open and fair manner.

It's not just the Easterners who are taboo against the dead, but the Westerners too.

And if medicine wants to progress, it must come into contact with a large number of corpses.

The medical world needs a large number of surgeons, but the "materials" necessary to train surgeons are far from enough.

A huge contradiction has emerged. The number of corpses obtained legally is far from enough for medical professionals.

And so a black market emerged.

You read that right, there is not only a black market for arms, drugs and oil in this world, but also a black market for buying and selling corpses.

Since it is a black market, it is not regulated by the government. As long as the corpses can be obtained, all means will be spared.

So what are the sources of the corpses traded in the black market? There are three main types:

1. Unclaimed corpses of poor people in hospitals, workhouses and prisons;

2. Tomb robbing and digging graves;

3. Directly kill more corpses.

These methods are based on how wicked they are.

But there is no way. If someone buys, someone sells it. If there is demand, there are desperate people. If there is no sale, there will be no killing.

Many experienced doctors and medical school teachers have obtained the goods, and with just a glance, they can roughly identify where these corpses came from from the body surface.

It's just that everyone turned a blind eye, pretending they didn't know.

Constantine looked at Dr. Philip, who was very touched. Hehe, this is called doing what you like. I'm not afraid that you won't follow.

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