Harry Potter’s Morning Light

  Chapter 773 Stakes

  To modern people, the city entrance tax is very unfamiliar, but in the Middle Ages, the city entrance tax is very important as a tax.

At that time, the cities had high walls as defenses, and they were all built on important roads. If they wanted to take a convenient way, they had to pay the city tax. If a trader found that his profit was not as good as the tax, then he would not Here again.

Two competing demons are better than an angel. The lord really wants to increase taxes, but then the merchants will not come. Inland cities, in addition to the tax on the farmland, there is also a city tax. The only thing that can guarantee a stable income is salt. .

People must eat salt. If you don’t eat salt, you will become like a white-haired girl. When you owe the Venetian debt and cannot pay back, you can only sign a contract and only allow the Venetian to sell salt. Merchants are not allowed to buy salt here.

  The Genoese Bank started later than Venice, and the first bite of fat has been robbed by the Venetians, but they can give those kings a discount and owe the Venetians money? No problem, the Genoese helped to repay it. You go to Genoa to deposit and borrow money.

Siege is not easy. Venice is surrounded by the sea, forming a natural moat. The army cannot enter the city without the help of sea ships. At least those knights wearing armor and riding war horses will not necessarily think of "pontoon bridges". "this thing.

  Venice has no walls, because it is a trading city, but ships have to pay taxes when they enter Venice to trade. The customs building in front of Notre-Dame de Ankang is used to prevent merchant ships that enter the city without paying taxes.

The lagoon itself also serves as a "primitive natural labyrinth". Once an enemy comes, the residents of the Republic of Venice will block the entrance and exit with iron chains, ropes, and ships, and attack the enemy after the towers, fortresses, and fences have been built. And remove the navigation signs or turn off the navigation lights. At this time, due to the complicated underwater situation, the enemy’s ship can easily run aground and become unable to move without human guidance, and it has become a situation where it can only be beaten and cannot fight back. Soldiers of the Republic of Venice can also sneak attacks or surprise enemies through the complex terrain of the lagoon.

However, Venice still has walls. They defend against the Genoese. The cities without walls are also limited to the outer lagoon, while the inland areas of the Republic of Venice, such as Mestre, Treviso, Trevinano, etc. The city still has walls, the navy can land, and the siege equipment can be transported by ships. Besides, the Genoese occasionally take part in pirates. The relationship between the two countries is the same, but it is superficially friendly and hypocritical.

  The São Paulo area is a relatively late development. The shape of the Grand Canal is very similar to an inverted "S". This shape represents miracles and mysteries, just like the snake-shaped sign of Slytherin.

  As long as there are golden land along the canal, most of the palaces along the canal were built in the 14th to 16th centuries. However, the São Paulo district of Venice was inhabited by the poor in the 9th century.

  São Paulo has real land. It is not driven by stakes to create new land. It is much cheaper to build a house in such a place.

  It is very close to the former slum red light district ** bridge, and the houses in this area are also extremely dense. This is how the poor live.

   Coming here from the extremely luxurious Palace of Rezzonico, there is a feeling of coming to another world. Perhaps it is precisely because of this that the venue of the Carnival Masquerade is here instead of St. Mark’s Square.

  The slums are in chaos. Linda Lingxiangcat was mutilated and stuffed into a suitcase, and then thrown into the lagoon.

  She is a tourist, maybe one person, caught by a malicious gangster; maybe two people, brutally killed by her lover.

The place where she was thrown away, Soul Casino, is remote, and locals rarely visit, but the place where she was kidnapped may be anywhere in the city. She thought it was possible for locals wearing masks to maintain traditional culture. Is a murderer on the run.

  The rich find that life is boring and will look for excitement. Anyway, no one knows who the other party is when wearing a mask.

  Carnival is not just a carnival for humans. The price of freedom is vigilance. In London, there are demons with human skins like Jack the Ripper. Masked **** are a great place for them to find prey.

  There are many modern buildings in St. Paul’s Square. After all, not all houses need to be protected like churches and palaces. The moment Pomona saw them, she lost hope of finding clues.

  An old city like Venice, which is specially protected in the sea, cannot stop excavators and reinforced concrete.

   "Will Peruzi build the bank in a slum?" Monica asked Gianluca, the São Paulo district is not far from her grandmother's house.

   "There is a palace nearby." Severus looked at the tourist map and said, "Let's go there and see."

   "This place has been refurbished, and it can't be found anymore." Pomona said hopelessly.

   "If I buy a house and find a basement, I will keep it." Severus said, "There should have been many factories in this area."

   "How do you know?" Monica asked.

  Severus curled his mouth and smiled meaningfully, "This place looks like my neighbor."

  Pomona looked at the people in weird costumes.

  Wearing an emerald green witch robe and wearing a witch hat, Minerva will not be as abrupt as walking in Muggle London. It is not "crazy" at all, and looks very "normal".

  Since the 13th century, the northern Italian city-states developed as a result of maritime trade, wool and textile industries. However, the wool produced in Italy is cheap but the texture is too hard. The wool is far less soft than silk and can only be supplied to local demand.

  In addition to spices, the commodities imported into Italy include rice, oranges, apricots, figs, raisins, aromatic powder, medicines, hematoxylin, magenta, alum and other dyes, as well as cotton and raw silk. When the silk weaving industry developed first in Italy and then in the south of France, the amount of raw silk imported was increasing like cotton. Damascus brocades shipped to Europe, shrines in Baghdad, gauze from Mosul, and cotton yarn from Gaza are also very popular.

  There is a famous painting depicting the market in Piazza dei Paulo. The clothes sold on the floor are mainly cloths. There are also many styles of women’s clothes. Southwest Spain has a Mediterranean climate and the summer is hot and dry, which provides sufficient heat for the growth of cotton.

  The emergence of new materials has transformed the Italian textile industry from wool textiles to cotton textiles, and at the same time windsurfing has also begun to be used extensively.

  By the 15th century, the Ottoman Empire occupied Constantinople and Crimea in 1475, cutting off the trade routes between the East and the West, which caused a great blow to the commerce of northern Italy. Especially after the great geographical discovery, the change of trade routes and the development of commerce in other parts of Europe have made Italian merchants and commerce lose their special status and role, and Mediterranean trade has since declined.

Now the impressive castles on the Crimea Peninsula are all built with Genoa Bank credit. Crimea is on the Adriatic Sea. At the beginning of the 16th century, Genoese bankers were the most influential in Europe. The feudal lords of China established a good relationship, including the tax exemption rights for some commodities.

  The church has the privilege of tax exemption, which makes the wine produced by the church have a price advantage compared with ordinary wineries, and the Venetians also have it, but at that time the wine they sold was no longer an ancient grape variety like Dorona.

The wine made from grapes is golden yellow and has a dry taste. It looks like champagne and a fortune. From the second half of the 12th century, woolen cloth produced in Flanders and northern France became the export of Italian merchants. Genoa has also become the main port for exporting woolen cloth to the east.

The Champagne Bazaar is a cross-border bazaar and trade center formed on the French Champagne Counts in the 12th and 14th centuries. It is located in the northeast of France, adjacent to Germany in the east, and Flanders in the north, between Italy and Flanders, and between Germany and Germany. The intersection of two passages between Spain. Eastern goods from Italy and goods from Northern Europe gather here, thus becoming one of the European commercial centers. The fairs are held regularly every year in the four cities of the territory, including Provin, Lenny, Troyes and Bashir-Aub.

  Bazaar trade was an important form of commodity exchange in medieval Europe, and it was a trading center, especially a wholesale trade center. The bazaar is protected by the local lord and pays taxes to the lord. A market lasts from a few days to several months, and each city generally does not exceed twice a year.

  At that time, the land transportation in Europe was not safe. Robin Hood often blocked the road. The Earl of Champagne tried his best to ensure the safety of the merchants in the market and the safety of the road to Champagne.

  Each market in Champagne is strictly organized, and a market court composed of one citizen and one knight will decide disputes. In the first week of the market, merchants from all over the world came to set up stalls on the streets of the city, followed by 10 days of cloth and wool trading and 11 days of leather trading, followed by 19 days of other groceries transactions, and finally a few days for checkout. .

Under the protection and patronage of the Counts of Champagne and Brie, the Champagne Fair will be held between the four main cities according to the annual religious festivals along a fixed and predictable route, including the four cities in the Champagne Count’s territory. Six bazaars held each lasting at least six weeks. There should be one to two weeks between each market to allow merchants to move their goods, so that there are markets throughout the year in the Count of Champagne.

Until the French King Philip IV took control of the land of the Count of Champagne and forcibly implemented the king’s financial measures, the Count of Champagne could no longer collect more taxes from the market trade, and the merchants also felt unprofitable because of the king’s heavy taxes. The maritime trade route from Italy to Northern Europe has been opened, which can replace the land trade crossing the Alps, and the Champagne market is gradually weakening.

  The Hundred Years' War broke out in 1337, which destroyed the tranquility of Champagne and greatly affected the market trade. In addition, with the development of commerce, banks, and credit, it is much more convenient for merchants to exchange money in Flanders or Bruges than in the market, and with the development of production and commerce, commodities are gradually standardized Standardization, merchants do not need to inspect the goods at the market before the transaction; wealthy merchants gradually send their own agents to do business, without having to go to the market in person.

  When the Templars want to transfer money from France to Venice, it is not necessary to transfer the money directly to the Bank of Venice. It is also possible to transfer money from Crimea through a Genoese bank.

  The Knights Templar and the Knights Hospitaller are the king’s major creditors in France, with thousands of castles and huge wealth. The king and the bishop are envied and hated because of this. King Philip IV of France weaves the charge of "heresy" to eradicate them.

  In 1312, King Philip IV made a request, and Pope Clement V announced the dissolution of the Knights Templar. The Order of the Knights in Portugal changed its membership to the Society of Jesuits, no longer engaged in military tasks, and evolved into an ordinary religious order mainly for overseas missions. The property of the Knights of Spain and Portugal was transferred to two new Knights: the Spanish Knights of Montesa and the Portuguese Knights of Christ.

  Many people in the East and West in ancient times hated merchants and felt that they were profiteering, without faith and loyalty.

  Sometimes the businessman’s mind is not clear-headed. When paying taxes, they evade taxes and have low taste and arty. However, kings and nobles will destroy themselves as if they are used as piggy banks.

  The same champagne market can flourish in the hands of the Earl of Champagne, but it will decline in the hands of "beautiful men".

Heavy taxes will drive away some people. Tourists who are accustomed to not having an entrance tax will feel uncomfortable when they suddenly find that they are being taxed. This will seriously affect the mood of the game. Once their minds are awake, they will start thinking. In order to take a few photos, they will spend 80%. Oh, or even a few hundred euros, who will do it?

  Those large cruise ships that discharge sulfuric acid, if the income they bring to Venice is less than the cost of maintaining the city, then romantic Venice will also catch passengers.

Time is also one of the costs. If the commuting time is too long, people will often change places to rent houses. The woman who used a flower pot to prevent the rebellion in 1310 got a 158-year promise not to increase her rent. She did not get "forever". ".

  If he owns a house, such as inheritance, why does he have to pay extra to rent a house to work?

  There are low-cost labor in the slums. These people can walk to the workshop to work. Unless the workshop owner in the distance is willing to give more wages, why should she stay close and seek further?

  The slogan of the Knights Templar is Godwillsit.

  The fundamental feature of capitalism is private ownership. The legitimacy of private property is not self-evident. For a very long period of time, private ownership has been constrained in shackles. Ethics, religion, and politics all have reasons to oppose private property.

  The Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty wanted to fight the Xiongnu to call on all businessmen to donate money. On this kind of national righteous issue, the businessmen did not pay, so were they morally corrupt?

Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty beat the Xiongnu by turning around in the desert. When he hits the Xiongnu, he would fight. During the march, he would consume a lot of logistics supplies. After the food was eaten, he would eat horses. If he could let the merchants find out the Xiongnu through trade. Habits, such as the laws of trade fairs, are targeted to strike, so they won't drain the treasury.

  Only Wei Qing had the result of the first Han-Hungarian War. The Dragon City he attacked was the place where the Xiongnu sacrificed to heaven.

Anlu Mountain was also in the market before. He was a Sogdian, and the Sogdians were also born merchants. They traded with Turkic tribes on the border, transported fur from the north to the south, and then transported silk from the south to the north. I am very familiar with the situation in the Northeast during the Tang Dynasty, which is directly related to his expansion in the Northeast.

  People are jealous, not just people, but also Asura and Di Shitian, who are jealous of what others have but what they don’t have. Hera, the queen, is also jealous of Zeus lovers, but she cannot lose her reason and make wrong judgments because of jealousy.

During the French Revolution, the trousers were instigated by the bourgeoisie to deal with the feudal aristocracy. However, the revolution did not end human inequality, and social contradictions turned into rich and poor, speculators who disrupted order, and ordinary civilians who obeyed order .

  The government of the bourgeoisie did not solve the problem of soaring food prices. The Jacobin dictatorship ended after the collapse. In the following years, the French political situation has been turbulent and economically chaotic. Domestic speculation is rampant, black market transactions are prevalent, prices are soaring, and inflation is extremely serious. In this situation, Napoleon took control of the power after the Wuyue coup, established a military dictatorship, and prevented risky speculators through violent suppression.

In addition to taking legal measures, three important codes were successively formulated to protect the private property rights of the bourgeoisie, namely, the Civil Code promulgated in 1804, the Commercial Code promulgated in 1807, and the Criminal Code promulgated in 1810. Foster the development of industry and commerce. In order to promote industrial production and trade activities, the Napoleonic regime vigorously promoted protective tariff policies on the one hand, continuously increasing import tax rates and preventing foreign industrial products from entering the French market; on the other hand, it provided various assistance to domestic industrial and commercial enterprises, such as grants, subsidies, and allowances. Place national orders, reward the use of machines, launch competitions, implement the patent right system, hold expositions, etc.

  According to the Napoleonic Code, women’s dowry rights are in the hands of men, and women like to buy clothes when they have money. This will promote the development of the textile industry. During the Napoleonic era, the government focused on military industry in various production departments.

  Promote a new rotation system in farming technology, promulgate laws to protect forests, prohibit deforestation, and blindly open up wasteland, and reward the planting of new crops or the expansion of existing crops. In addition, the Napoleonic regime also plundered a large number of Merino sheep from Spain, which enabled the country's sheep breeding industry to develop rapidly and solved the problem of famine.

  However, few people know that he robbed the Bank of Genoa. He confiscated all the assets of the bank, which also put an end to this long-established bank.

  The Protestants after the Reformation practiced strict secular asceticism and believed that the qualifications for salvation were career success.

But nowadays, people have misinterpreted career success as the accumulation of personal wealth. "A lot of money means a successful person." They spend 300 million US dollars to buy a 99-year property rights to a palace. This is what the contract says. The problem is that Venice still has 20 It will sink in 30 years, and the buyer can only live in the underwater palace in the form of a mermaid.

  The Italian government implemented the Moses plan to protect Venice, but this project is impossible to solve the problems of floods and rising sea levels. The ship is still going to sink.

  Hundreds of millions of dollars were spent on the water. Poverty really restricted the imagination of ordinary people.

  François Pinault built a museum in Venice because the French bureaucracy did not grant him land to use.

  He doesn’t care, he’ll just be ridiculous. With the madness of luxury goods nowadays, his loss will soon be made up for. The purpose that "beautiful men" could not achieve by using power was achieved by the French Gucci Empire with a few bags and clothes. The magic of "fashion" is really amazing.

  Judging from the revelation of the nature and destiny of man in the Bible, the issue of property and all other issues of concern to mankind are part of God's plan of creation and redemption.

  In the "Bible", God's approval of private property is based on the principle that divine power is superior to human rights. Only on this basis can people's private property rights become inalienable.

  The Renaissance church was built to serve theocracy, but the content inside was created by the artist himself.

Part of the purpose of the forced contribution system was to overcome the misuse and abuse of property. The looting of Constantinople made Venice a fortune, but Constantinople fell into the hands of paganism, and Venice also declined.

  If the leader fails to properly balance rights and responsibilities, he will do things that hurt others and benefit himself.

  When some good wishes go astray, the final outcome is helpless.

  The former prosperous Venice is now empty, and only tourists bring false prosperity.

  Perhaps one day this free trade city will also restore the inward tax. "Modern" guests cannot accept it. Tourism stimulates the economy. How can anyone refuse to come to the door?

  The Venetians believe in the true God, not "the customer is God". God can separate the Red Sea, and can the "customer" separate the Adriatic Sea from the lagoon?

  Everyone loves to listen to sweet words and can’t listen to bad words.

So, these thoughts Pomona decided to let it rot in her stomach. This is her honeymoon trip. Even Severus sometimes doesn’t care about her thoughts, and the person who really cared about her thoughts is dead. , Talking about these words will affect Severus' mood.

  What else can you play if you don’t have fun?

  This is why commercial cities hate abstinent bishops.

  (End of this chapter)