I

  Chapter 1028 1024 [Canned Rubber and Generator]

  Every autumn, it is not only a day for riding and hunting, but also a time for Zhao Han to communicate with scholars of Qintian Academy.

  The past two years have gradually become a routine: spring outings, the emperor, civil officials, and scholars from the Imperial Academy, enjoy the scenery and sing poems in spring. Hunting in the autumn, the emperor talked about science with generals and scholars of Qintian Academy on horseback.

  Of course, everyone is welcome to participate, regardless of spring outing or autumn hunting, and there are no strict requirements.

  Ji Bieke has already known all the concubines. Compared with the emperors of all dynasties, Zhao Han's harem is very small. Don't talk about Emperor Guangwu, Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty, and Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty being infatuated, and don't say that a certain emperor favors only one person, they still have to pay as many concubines as they want.

  Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty was afraid of his wife, but the favorite concubines recorded in the history books include Concubine Zhang, Concubine Cao Ling, Concubine Han Yi, Concubine Wang, Concubine Wei, etc. There are many concubines that are not recorded in the history books.

  Therefore, although Zhao Han had eleven concubines, all the officials agreed that the emperor was not a womanizer.

  Ji Beke's car is behind the North Korean concubine, she is now at the bottom of the list. But everyone knows that the emperor dotes on her very much, after all, she is young and beautiful. Empress Fei Rulan is over fifty years old. Although the emperor often goes to Kunning Palace, the time to stay overnight is getting less and less.

   Further on, there is the car of the prince and princess. The prince and princess have already conferred eight people. Except for King Jin who was serving in India and King Han who was serving in the navy, the rest of the princes brought their princesses to participate in the autumn hunting.

  The army of generals is further back, a group of Cong Long Xungui, talking and laughing on horseback. But there are also a few people who are sick and bedridden. After all, they are old and fought around when they were young. It is estimated that two or three people will die of illness in a few years.

   There are also some civil servants who like to ride and hunt, and mix with generals.

   At the end are the scholars of Qintian Academy, dozens of people with a bachelor's degree or above, and many graduate students who came to join in the fun.

  The guards of the imperial city walked at the front and back of the team, and when the official autumn tour team passed by, the wealthy people in the capital quickly followed. They are not eligible to enter the royal horse farm and hunting grounds, but they can play in Xuanwu Lake. Not only can they enjoy the beautiful autumn scenery, but they are also not far from the emperor.

  Of course, a few scholars from the Calligraphy and Painting Hall of the Imperial Academy also came today, specializing in painting the emperor's autumn hunting.

  Everyone went to play at the racecourse first, and the royal family sat alone. After watching a polo match, it was almost time for lunch.

  In addition to the normal meals, I saw the maids and guards bringing many wide-mouthed porcelain bottles, and the mouths of the bottles were still blocked by corks.

  Zhao Han said with a smile: "This thing is called canned food. It was developed by the military grain factory. The navy and sea merchants can take it on board. It can prevent scurvy. Come and taste it, everyone."

  Everyone feels strange, but not surprised, because the emperor can always come up with new gadgets.

  I saw the guard remove the sealing wax first, then pull out the cork, pour the food inside into the cauldron, and then put it into bowls and plates to share.

  Fei Ruhe took a bite of spinach, but the taste was really not good, far inferior to fresh spinach.

  Try another bite of pork, it still looks the same.

  But the emperor made a new gadget, the ministers must show face, they all praised the canned food as delicious.

General Fubo Gu Jianshan couldn't help laughing and said: "It's delicious. The canned food is specially for the navy to eat when they go out to sea. With this thing, no matter how far you sail, you won't get scurvy. And , It can also be packed in porcelain bottles, and after the voyage is over, the half-empty porcelain bottles will be sold on the spot, and the half-empty porcelain bottles will be re-boiled and canned for return.”

   "Wonderful," Fei Ruhe said, "It's a pity that the porcelain bottle is too heavy to be suitable for marching on land. If it can be made in an iron box, a lot of canned food can be produced for the army's rations in the future."

Zhang Tieniu said: "Yes, yes, yes, he packed tens of thousands of catties of canned food on the march, and he didn't need to make pots and cook rice on the way. Biscuits like glutinous rice cakes are delicious to eat one or two pieces, but after a few more days, you will feel like vomiting .”

Yang Shuang, a master of Qintian Academy, said: "I have the honor to participate in the research and development of this can. Your Majesty originally intended to pack it in an iron box, but after trying many methods, it could not be completely sealed. The iron box is time. The longest ones will rot in less than a month, and most will deteriorate in less than ten days."

  Zhao Han also had people experiment with glass jars, but they still had to use cork stoppers. Small glass can bottle caps actually contain high technology. At present, steam engines can also be made manually, but the cost is high and the efficiency is low, and it is far less practical than cork stoppers.

  In the end, the cans are still made of porcelain bottles, sealed with corks, and then covered with a layer of wax for a second seal.

  Firstly, porcelain bottles are resistant to high temperature, and when cooking cans, they are not as easy to break as glass.

  Secondly, the current role of canned food is to provide it to ocean-going ships. The ocean-going fleet must engage in trade, and porcelain is a must-have commodity. It is quite possible to make a kind of porcelain jar, eat the contents halfway, and sell the remaining porcelain jars when they land.

  Porcelain needs to be packed layer by layer to prevent it from breaking at sea.

  If glass bottles are used for canning, they must be packed layer by layer, which takes up too much space in the cabin. Changing to a porcelain bottle that can be traded can save a lot of space, allowing the cargo compartment to hold goods and food at the same time.

   It's like the crew ate the cans and sold the cans to the gringos.

  Of course, if the voyage is too far away, half of the porcelain bottle is generally kept, the food is cooked into cans, and brought back when returning.

  The American route is the most suitable, and you can’t replenish it halfway, so you can supplement vitamins by eating canned food. You can resupply in Hawaii on the way home, no canned food is needed, and selling all the porcelain bottles can maximize profits.

  Zhao Han said with a smile: "I remember that your surname is Yang. Since you have participated in the development of canned food, you can tell everyone the principle."

Yang Shuang stood up and said: "Through a microscope, many creatures that are invisible to the naked eye can be observed. We have observed the spoilage process of fruits, rice, broth, and vegetables. Maybe the microscope is not powerful enough, so we can only see many tiny dots." We suspect that the dots, also some kind of organism, are responsible for the spoilage of the food."

  The military generals are used to it. In the past two or three years, the emperor loves to bring Qintianyuan with him during autumn hunting, and he always makes some strange remarks.

  Due to the limitation of the magnification of the microscope, although Qintianyuan can observe bacteria, it can only see many small black spots. They regarded the bacteria and tardigrades as the same kind, thinking that they were all small bugs, and Zhao Han couldn't explain it forcibly, only saying that those black spots were so tiny that they might not be the same kind of creatures as tardigrades.

  Doctors use a microscope to observe the germs, and they can only see small black spots. Then, according to the macroscopic differences of these black spots, it is completely blind what kind of pests (germs) it is, and several kinds of germs are often confused.

  The magnification of the microscope needs to be improved urgently!

   As for how to improve, Zhao Han has no idea at all, and it may take a hundred or two hundred years to develop.

Yang Shuang continued: "We call this kind of tiny microorganisms microorganisms. There are microorganisms everywhere in the air and clear water, and they can be killed by cooking and heating. Therefore, put the food into a porcelain bottle and stop it with a cork. , Boil on high fire to kill insects, and then spray wax to completely isolate the air, so that food can be preserved for a long time.”

   "Good!" Zhao Han smiled and applauded.

  The royal family, court ladies, guards, generals, civil servants, and scholars who were eating all applauded together with the emperor. Due to the large number of people at the scene, those who were far away did not know what they were talking about, but seeing that everyone was applauding, they also clapped wildly.

  Zhao Han asked everyone to continue eating, and asked casually, "How is the rubber experiment going?"

  Li Quan brought back not only rubber saplings and seeds, but also some solidified natural rubber latex.

Huangfu Jun, who was in charge of researching rubber, was eating at the next table at this time, and quickly put down his chopsticks and stood up: "Reporting to Your Majesty, the latex that was transported from America to Nanjing has long since solidified, and I have never seen liquid latex. Research on solid rubber. When the temperature is high, the rubber will become soft. When the temperature is low, the rubber will become hard. Repeatedly heating the rubber at high temperature for many times, the rubber will completely age and even lose its elasticity. "

   "That's all?" Zhao Han was a little dissatisfied.

  Huangfu Jun said helplessly: "Your Majesty, I hope to study the rubber that has not yet solidified, and the one that has solidified can only be used for cold and hot experiments."

Zhao Han expressed his understanding and said: "The rubber trees in Luzon and Yecheng should be able to tap rubber in two or three years. Sign up yourself and build a research institute in Luzon to specialize in the preparation and use of rubber. Go there In Luzon, the salary remains the same, but there are additional allowances."

   "Yes, I would like to go to Luzon." Huangfu Jun actually didn't want to go, but he had to give Emperor Zhao face. He was the person in charge of the rubber project, and he had to go if he didn't go, otherwise he would disappoint the emperor.

  Natural rubber has serious flaws, let's say it is wiped on the fabric to make a tarp. When the temperature drops suddenly, the elasticity of that layer of rubber becomes weaker, and even becomes brittle, hard and brittle. After being exposed to the sun, it will be severely aged, and it will not be usable if it is exposed to the sun a few times.

   And it is not resistant to friction, so it cannot be made into a tire.

  Scholars responsible for the rubber project have made plans for experiments.

  The method is very rough, which is to mix various items in the latex and stir, and then record the results of each experiment. There are always one or two things that can react with latex. After a lot of trial and error, you can try out the right formula.

  Zhao Han suddenly asked again: "Where's the electricity?"

  A scholar named Peng Renhu stood up: "Your Majesty, we killed a little chicken with electricity."

   "Oh, tell me quickly." Zhao Han suddenly became interested.

  Peng Renhu said: "In the past, tortoiseshell and amber were used to generate electricity, which was expensive and very inconvenient. Five years ago, the mayor of Magdeburg in Germany in Europe invented an electrostatic generator..."

   "Wait," Zhao Han asked, "Mayor Ma Debao? What does he have to do with the Magdeburg Hemispheric Experiment?"

  Peng Renhu was surprised and said: "Your Majesty manages a lot of things every day, and you know about the Magdeburg hemispheric experiment. This experiment was done by the mayor 11 years ago."

  Qintian Academy has a fund dedicated to ordering European academic papers.

  Businessmen from the Netherlands, France, the United Kingdom and other countries will collect the latest academic papers in Europe. When they go to Coconut City for trade, they will sell them to the governor at a high price, and the governor of Coconut City will send the papers to Nanjing.

Peng Renhu said: "The electrostatic generator is like this. Add sulfur to the glass bottle and continue to heat the glass bottle. After the sulfur melts, continue to add sulfur until the glass bottle is filled. And before the sulfur solidifies, insert a wooden handle .When the glass bottle has cooled, it is broken to obtain a sulfur ball with a wooden handle."

   "One end of this ball is positive and the other end is negative. It is more suitable for experiments than tortoiseshell and amber."

"However, the mayor's generator can only attract paper scraps and hair. We have improved it by making the sulfur ball into a larger cylinder, and then using a pedal machine to make the sulfur cylinder rotate at high speed. By rubbing the silk Generate static electricity. Sulfur cylinders can store static electricity, and the power of electricity is so powerful that it directly electrocuted a chick to death."

  Can static electricity be so powerful?

Zhao Han has no relevant concepts at all, and he can't even remember the electromagnetic induction experiment. He just reminded: "You can use copper wire to make a circle and move back and forth between two repelling magnets. How to do it, I don't know, but I always feel that magnetism and electricity are connected."

  (end of this chapter)