I

  Chapter 208 206 [People in the mountains]

Ganzhou.

  Chen Maosheng first went to see Fei Ruhe, then Liu Anfeng, the magistrate, and finally summoned the mission officer and the backbone of the peasant association.

  The news I got was a headache, Hakka is not so easy to learn!

  The Hakka dialect in the southern Jiangxi area can be roughly divided into three types. Although they can communicate with each other, they are very unfriendly to foreigners who are just learning.

"Handle the propaganda," said Li Xiaoyi, who is in charge of missionary work in Ganzhou, "we should learn the Hakka dialect, but we must also recruit the local Hakka people. A lot of relying on the Hakka people to advance. Some of the Hakka people have long been able to speak Jiangxi dialect, and they can also read and write."

  Chen Maosheng asked: "In addition to the wealthy tenants and low-level tenants, are there any Hakka small landlords and self-cultivating farmers in Southern Jiangxi?"

   "Yes, and there are quite a few of them," Li Xiaoyi said, "I suggest that some small Hakka landowners should not divide their land for the time being, even if it exceeds 100 mu."

   "Why?" Chen Maosheng frowned.

Li Xiaoyi said: "I have visited the villages and found a very unexpected phenomenon. Many villages, the whole village is full of Hakka people. Especially those remote villages, they have moved from Fujian and Guangdong for decades, and they have earned their family property entirely by opening up wasteland. These lands are relatively barren, and they used to be barren mountains and ridges, which were cultivated by them with one scythe and one hoe, and they did not exploit the tenants."

   Well, this is different from what Wei Jiaju said. It seems that the situation in Nangan is more complicated than imagined.

   "Are there big landlords in these remote villages?" Chen Maosheng asked.

Li Xiaoyi shook his head and said: "There are no big landlords. They moved from Fujian and Guangdong. The roads are blue and the roads are poor, and the land is poor. It has only been a hundred years. How can there be any big landlords? The remote villages in the mountains are mostly self-cultivating farmers and small landlords. There are no landowners at all. It is necessary to divide the fields. Moreover, there are very few landowners with more than 100 mu of land, almost negligible.”

  Chen Maosheng said: "I have to send someone to ask the town for instructions."

  After chatting with the mission officer, Chen Maosheng went to see Zou Weilian and Liu Huan again.

  In the original time and space, Zou Weilian should have died of illness last year. He made great contributions in Fujian, but was framed by Wen Tiren and dismissed from office. After Wen Tiren fell, Emperor Chongzhen remembered him. After inquiring, he found that Zou Weilian had passed away.

  Many ministers are like this. If they don’t dismiss from office, they will live well, but they will die of illness within a year or two after dismissing from office.

  The same is true for Wen Tiren, who was alive and kicking when he was in power, but died of illness the second year after losing his official position.

  At least from now on, Zou Weilian is free from disease and pain, and can live for at least ten or eight years.

  Zou Liangyi introduced: "Father, this is Mr. Chen Yumaosheng, Secretary of Mission and Education."

   "Mr. Zou, nice to meet you!" Chen Maosheng cupped his hands.

  Zou Weilian raised his hand to return the salute, his movements were a little forced, and his smile was also a little forced.

  Chen Maosheng cupped his hands again and said, "I met Mr. Liu."

   "It's a pleasure to meet you." Liu Huan was very natural, and his attitude was ambiguous, and he never said whether he was willing to join him.

  The only trace of Liu Huan, the magistrate of Ganzhou in the Ming Dynasty, is the inscription on the plaque for Kongtong Temple in Ganzhou.

   While drinking tea and chatting, Zou Weilian was always in a low mood.

  Finally, Chen Maosheng asked: "I would like to ask you two gentlemen, what is the situation of the Hakka people in Southern Jiangxi?"

  Zou Weilian pointed to Liu Huan: "You should ask him about this."

  Liu Huan said with a smile: "I am not talented. I am originally from Guangdong. I am a Hakka."

  Chen Maosheng said quickly: "Mr. Liu, please give me your advice."

Liu Huan recounted: "The Hakka people migrated southwards from the Jin Dynasty. Many of the Hakka people in Southern Jiangxi migrated from Fujian and Guangdong at the end of the Song Dynasty. After the founding of the Ming Dynasty, a large number of Hakka people in Southern Jiangxi moved back to Fujian and Guangdong. "

   "Why did they move back after nearly a hundred years?" Chen Maosheng asked.

Liu Huan explained: "During the Jiajing period, Japanese pirates harassed and harassed a large number of coastal people to the inland, resulting in a large population in eastern Guangdong and western Fujian. It happened that due to the war in southern Jiangxi, a large number of people dispersed. The Hakka people in eastern Guangdong and western Fujian , they moved to southern Jiangxi in groups.”

  That Wei Jiaju, there is another situation that I didn't explain clearly.

  After Wang Yangming and other ministers suppressed the bandits, especially when guest soldiers from other provinces raged, many villages in southern Jiangxi were emptied, and landlords fled to settle in counties one after another.

  Whole villages of the Hakka people moved in, and some of them became rich as tenants, and they became the main tenants, forming today's luxury tenants. After hundreds of years of development, many wealthy tenants have been transformed into big landlords, so there are also conflicts between Hakka landlords and tenants.

  The Hakka people who migrated in the middle and late period of Jiajing, some became tenants, and more went to open up wasteland and cultivate, becoming small landlords and self-cultivating farmers.

  The conflict between locals and Hakkas at this time was actually not particularly intense, because until the Qianlong period, the Hakka people from Fujian and Guangdong had been moving back to Southern Jiangxi.

  As for the early Qing Dynasty, why a large number of Hakkas moved to Jiangxi was of course caused by the war.

  Southern Jiangxi natives and Hakka people, landlords and tenants, put aside their contradictions and united against the Qing Dynasty. Take Shangyou County as an example, the anti-Qing movement lasted until the Kangxi period, and the people here were almost wiped out!

  According to "Shangyou County Chronicles" records: "Since the thirteenth year of Kangxi to the present (Qianlong), there has been no more people, four walls are vacant, and the isolated city is a barren hill."

   Therefore, after the middle and late Qing Dynasty, more and more Hakkas moved in, and the contradiction between the natives and the Hakkas reached its peak at that time.

  In the late Ming Dynasty, many of the Hakka people in southern Jiangxi were still working hard to get rich, reclaiming wasteland deeper into the mountains.

  And caused a series of environmental problems, they cut down forests, chiseled rocks and mines, which caused serious soil erosion.

Liu Huan reminded: "There are many mountains and little land in southern Jiangxi. If you blindly reclaim the mountains, you will not be able to grow much food. Instead, landslides will occur after it rains. When you govern southern Jiangxi, you should let the mountain people plant more tobacco, camellia oleifera, tung tree, and lacquer trees." Waiting for crops."

   "I've been taught." Chen Maosheng cupped his hands and said.

  In Jiangxi at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Hakka people developed barbarously and opened up wasteland to grow food everywhere, which caused the government a lot of headaches.

  But the Hakka people did not abide by the official ban. It wasn't until later that disasters frequently occurred that they took it seriously, and thus formed an economic zone for camellia oleifera, tung tree, and tobacco in southern Jiangxi, and used artificial forests to represent natural forests.

  Zou Weilian didn't want to work for Zhao Han, but he couldn't be an official in Daming, so he went to Ji'an Mansion to teach.

   However, Liu Huan, the magistrate of Ganzhou in the Ming Dynasty, changed his name to Liu Yu and stayed behind, and was specially hired by Chen Maosheng as an aide.

  As a Ming official, Liu Huan couldn't do anything, and couldn't implement policies. He could only read scriptures and study Buddhism all day long.

  After being hired by Chen Maosheng, it was like a second spring, and he offered more than ten suggestions that month.

  This gentleman can also speak Hakka, and became Chen Maosheng's personal translator.

  Zhao Han also gave a reply, if the Hakka people in remote villages really get rich by working hard to cultivate wasteland, each person can keep 100 mu of land. However, the upper limit of 100 mu must not be exceeded, and families with more than ten people must divide the property!

  Because of Liu Huan's help, Chen Maosheng absorbed many local poor people into the mission group, and the work of dividing the land around Ganzhou City went very smoothly.

   After entering the mountainous area, he encountered many difficulties in an instant.

  Those Hakka people did not want to settle down at all. They have always been in a state of refugees, holding together to resist the imperial court's tax collection.

  For them, Daming is the imperial court, and Zhao Han is also the imperial court.

  The work of the peasant association cannot be carried out, because they have their own land, and it is obtained by themselves, so they don't need Zhao Han's favor at all.

How to do?

   To be more brutal, it is to directly kill people to establish authority, and use force to forcibly establish a household registration, but this seems to conflict with the Datong theory.

  Chen Maosheng can only continue to ask Zhao Han for instructions, and policy adjustments must be approved.

  Zhao Han's reply was very straightforward. Since the Hakka people in the mountains refused to settle in the government and refused to pay taxes to the government, they were not part of the people under the rule.

  All trade can be cut off. Anyone who buys salt must show his household registration. If you catch a private salt dealer, behead him immediately, and the whole family will sit together! If a salt shop is found selling salt to the unregistered, he will be fined heavily and permanently disqualified from selling salt.

   Merchants are prohibited from purchasing any goods in the mountains. Once discovered, they will be fined heavily!

  The market at the foot of the mountain is regularly patrolled and the household registration is randomly checked. Once a person without household registration is found, he will be arrested immediately to work as a slave laborer, and the family members will spend their own money to redeem them.

   It may seem like a tyranny, but compared with sending troops directly, it already seems very benevolent.

  Who told those mountain people not to even register for household registration?

  The civil affairs work in the southern Jiangxi region may last for two or three years, and most of them will lead to riots, so troops must be stationed for a long time.

"Ugh!"

  Zhao Han put down the letter sent back by Chen Maosheng, feeling a headache.

  Since the incident until now, this is the first time that rural work has encountered setbacks. Zhao Han even agreed not to divide the fields of those mountain people, so that they could keep a hundred acres of land, but they still didn't want to belong to them, they just wanted to be "wild people" in the mountains from generation to generation.

   Zhao Han tried to analyze the main contradiction, but found it ridiculous.

  The main contradiction is that those Hakka people who have moved into the mountains to reclaim wasteland have only moved to Jiangxi for a few decades. Although their lives are very difficult, they are relatively stable. Moreover, it can continue to cultivate wasteland, and there will be no conflicts between people and land for the time being, and there will be no class oppression. Zhao Han's rule over them is the greatest oppression and the greatest contradiction. They don't want to pay taxes to Zhao Han!

  However, southern Jiangxi is full of mountains, and there are mountain people everywhere.

  Even if the mission officers have learned Hakka, even if Hakka people join the mission group, they can only effectively rule in the mountains near the city and the flat areas along the river for the time being.

  In the mountains, I can't manage it for the time being.

   No wonder Nangan was a headache for Daming, no wonder Nangan was helpless for the Qing Dynasty, the situation in this place is too complicated.

  We can’t rely on economic sanctions alone, but also have to lure them with benefits and show them kindness, so that we can achieve results with both kindness and power.

  After thinking about it carefully, Zhao Han wrote to Chen Maosheng again. The content was: select the mountain people who are willing to settle down, issue them a franchise license, and allow them to buy 50 catties of salt and sell 200 catties of goods in the mountains every month.

  If these people get rich, it depends on whether other mountain people can sit still!

   Blind sanctions can only make the mountain people share the same hatred, and they must be internally divided.

  Southern Jiangxi must be well governed, because Zhao Han's development route is to capture Fujian and Guangdong after occupying the entire territory of Jiangxi, and Southern Jiangxi is a necessary place to connect Fujian and Guangdong.

  (end of this chapter)