I

  Chapter 668 665 [Cangjie Pavilion]

   Zhu Cizhen is really heartless, not worried about her sister's marriage at all, happily ran to the Imperial Academy to be a librarian.

   After completing the entry procedures, Zhu Cizhen began to get acquainted with his colleagues.

  Due to the huge number of collections, there is more than one librarian, who is usually responsible for sorting, maintaining, and borrowing books. The book classification mode still follows the quartile method of classics and history subsets, and religious works are listed separately in the form of appendices.

   Zhu Cizhen was assigned a master named Qin Daiwen to teach him how to manage books systematically and formally.

"This is the bibliography of the library collection," Qin Daiwen threw a large tome, "not to mention memorizing all of them, at least there must be impressions everywhere. When you get a book, you can immediately think of its location, and then follow the map to find the book The book was found."

  Opening the catalog of the collection, the opening chapter is a general narration, which roughly introduces the collection of books in the Imperial Academy.

  In addition to the sub-collection of classics and history, Buddhism, Daoism and Yehui are classified as religions, and it is also specifically stated that they are "ordered by His Majesty the Emperor of the People's Republic of China".

  As for science books, literature books, and art books, they are all classified into the "Zi" department in the classics and history subsets. These are Zhu Cizhao's favorite miscellaneous books, so I skipped over to read "Zi Bu Zong Shu".

  For several days in a row, Zhu Cizhen did nothing but recite the catalog of books.

  On this day, hearing the quarrel downstairs again, Zhu Cizhen frowned and asked, "Teacher, the library building should be quiet, why are there always people arguing outside?"

  Qin Daiwen said with a smile: "It's the people from the Cangjie Library. They quarrel every day. If you quarrel in your office, you don't talk about it. If you encounter any disagreements, you will quarrel all the way to the library. Most of them want to borrow some ancient books."

  Cangjie Museum is a relatively young institution in the Imperial Academy, specializing in the study of the development and changes of characters. Currently, it is mainly divided into two categories: oracle bones and gold and stone.

  These people made noise from outside to inside the building, and from downstairs to upstairs. Zhu Cizhao listened intently, and finally understood what they were arguing about, and then felt a violent shock.

  A group of guys who study characters actually want to revise "Shuowen Jiezi"!

   There was a gray-haired scholar who was the most excited. His name was Guo Zongchang, and he was a famous epigrapher. He came to Beijing as a tribute at the age of eighteen and lived in Beijing for several years before he was alternated as a low-ranking official. He was really unhappy with his work, so he went back to Shaanxi to study knowledge. He dismissed Li Zicheng and the recruitment of the Manchu Qing Dynasty.

   It was not until after the oracle bones were excavated that Zhao Han ordered the establishment of the Cangjie Pavilion and recruited experts in gold and stone from all over the world to study together. Guo Zongchang was then attracted to Nanjing.

"The Six Books distinguish the virtual from the real," Guo Zongchang said, "pictures are real, and things are virtual, because things have real form, but things have no real form. The meaning is real, and the shape and sound are virtual, because the combination of two or three words is convenient. It can be used for business, but the phonetic sound is meaningless. It can be realized by translating annotations into reality, and pretending to be false...Ancient man-made characters do not come out of thin air. , Under the pretense of these six books, the order should be changed, the instructions should not be placed before understanding, and the virtual should not be prior to the real!"

  Xiang Yuanbian said: "My younger generation probably agrees with Mr.'s statement, but the sequence does not need to be changed, let alone agree with Mr.'s evolution sequence of the four books of pictography, comprehension, pretense, and phonetic sound."

Guo Zongchang said: "Why don't you agree? From the research of oracle bone inscriptions, based on the research of the sages of the past dynasties, there must be writing first in the world, and then there are characters. Where there is borrowing, there is form and sound. This is a matter of course, among the six books, borrowing should be at least the third, not the sixth in "Shuowen"!"

   The word "text" is particular.

  Pictographic characters, or individual characters, are "text" in a narrow sense. Such as day characters, such as month characters. The sun and the moon add up to make Ming, and "Ming" is a combination of characters, also known as knowing characters, which belong to "characters" in a narrow sense. Text and characters coexist and develop, collectively referred to as "characters".

   This kind of theory became clearer and more obvious when everyone studied oracle bone inscriptions, and scholars have begun to feel the development of characters.

  Fan Qin was on the side to smooth things over: "The two of you should stop arguing, the sequence doesn't matter."

"There's something to it," Xiang Yuanbian said, "I admit that among the six books, pictographic and comprehension should be ranked first, and "Shuowen" is indeed open to discussion. However, the four books after pictographic and comprehension should develop in parallel. There is not necessarily a priority. Even if there is a real priority, the shape and sound may be ranked before the pretense!"

  Fan Qin was helpless and feeling very tired. He said: "The most important thing now is not to argue about the sequence of ancient man-made characters, but to recognize more oracle bone inscriptions and sort out and summarize the identification methods of oracle bone inscriptions."

  Guo Zongchang said: "Oracle bone inscriptions should be studied, and the sequence of character creation should also be debated. Clarifying the order of word creation is also sorting out and summarizing the identification methods of oracle bone inscriptions."

   "Not bad!" Xiang Yuanbian agreed with Guo Zongchang's point of view.

  Suddenly, the two most quarreling people actually joined forces to persuade the fight.

  Zhu Cizhen half-understood what he was listening to, and felt that these people were unpredictable. Sure enough, the scholars in the Imperial Academy were very powerful.

  These people walked past Zhu Cizhen, when a young man stopped and asked, "New here? A bit unfamiliar."

  Zhu Cizhen nodded and said, "He's new here."

  The young man said: "My name is Lu Liuliang, and my name is Zhuang Sheng. I will bother you by borrowing books from now on."

  Zhu Cizhen asked: "Your Excellency is also a scholar of the Imperial Academy?"

   Lu Liuliang smiled and said, "Where is my little knowledge enough? I am a graduate student of Jinling University. I am not in school at ordinary times. I study oracle bone inscriptions with Mr. Guo."

   "I see, I'm sorry, I'm sorry." Zhu Cizhen hurriedly cupped his hands.

  Lv Liuliang was chatting with Zhu Cizhen here, and he was dizzy from the noise of those people. What is there to argue about? There is no way to win or lose now, so it is better to study a few oracle bone inscriptions and use the evidence of oracle bone inscriptions to slap your face in the future.

   While chatting, a small official of the Imperial Academy rushed to the library, panting, "Another...another oracle bone is brought in!"

  Everyone ran back quickly, and this time they brought in three baskets.

  Some of the oracle bones made Guo Zongchang, Xiang Yuanbian and others look at each other in dismay. This kind of oracle bone has no tortoise shell, only animal bones and teeth, and the characters are engraved on it.

  Compared with the previous oracle bone inscriptions, this oracle bone font is thinner and more primitive and simple.

  It’s a pity that there is no carbon-14 test at this time, otherwise, they would know that this kind of oracle bone is 1,200 years earlier than the Yin Ruins oracle bone, and the time is probably in the late Longshan culture.

   Two kinds of oracle bones come down in one continuous line.

   Guo Zongchang held a magnifying glass and said: "This kind of oracle bone, the characters must be older, or it was made during the time of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors."

   "It must be so." Xiang Yuanbian nodded.

   Lu Liuliang suddenly said: "Is the writing really made by Cangjie?"

   Everyone was speechless.

  After studying oracle bone inscriptions for a long time, they have been able to confirm that Chinese characters were not created by Cangjie, but were created and developed by generations of ancient people.

  Huang Zonghui said: "Gentlemen, why not sort out all your research results and submit them to the "Hanlin Academic Journal". And abandon the debate, leave everything to the outside world for comment, and then I will continue to do research."

   "Good!" Guo Zongchang agreed first.

  The three brothers Huang Zongxi, Huang Zongyan, and Huang Zonghui are all researchers now.

  Huang Zongxi is the deputy director of the Geography Museum of Qintian Academy (the director is Gu Yanwu), and also has research tasks in the Mathematics Museum and Planetarium. Huang Zongyan is a Ph.D. from the Mathematics Hall of Qintian Academy, and Huang Zonghui is a bachelor from the Cangjie Hall of the Imperial Academy.

  The three of them are called "Three Yellows of the Capital".

  And the sons of these three brothers are all academic masters, and they will definitely be a super academic family in the future.

  After everyone agreed, they put aside their differences for the time being, and took their students with them to start sorting out the previous academic achievements. Graduate students like Lu Liuliang are so busy with their tutors that they do all the hard work.

   Half a month later, the academic achievements of the Cangjie Museum in the past two years were all placed in front of Qian Qianyi, the director of the Imperial Academy.

  Of course Qian Qianyi knew about the existence of oracle bone inscriptions, but he was too busy. The "Ming History" was being edited intensely, and the "Min Shi Quan Shu" would be compiled next. How could he care about a bunch of broken bones?

  But at this moment, Qian Qianyi was shocked beyond measure.

  It turns out that writing was not created by Cangjie, but the result of continuous evolution over the past dynasties. It turns out that the correctness of some contents of "Shuowen Jiezi" is actually open to question.

   Even through the study of oracle bone inscriptions, I also understood a small number of the history of the Yin and Shang Dynasties, such as battles and sacrifices in a certain year and month, and a large number of sacrifices of living people were used for burial.

  Qian Qianyi really wanted to write an article to refute, but with the facts in front of him, he didn't know where to start to argue.

  After thinking about it, Qian Qianyi wrote a letter of congratulations to the emperor. In the article, he frantically flattered the emperor, saying that only when the sage king and benevolent king appeared in the world, the ancient characters would come out of the ground, so as to complete the context of Chinese history, which is an unprecedented feat of enlightenment in all dynasties.

   Zhao Han received Qian Qianyi's congratulatory form, he couldn't laugh or cry immediately, and then chose to ask Cangjieguan scholars to report the results in person at the court meeting.

Facing all officials, Guo Zongchang talked eloquently: "Oracle bone inscriptions are different from contemporary writing, and also different from inscriptions on inscriptions. But inscriptions on oracle bones, inscriptions on inscriptions on inscriptions on inscriptions, large and small seal script, official script, and regular script are all in the same line. Now some oracle bones have been found. On the animal teeth and bones, it is older than the previously discovered oracle bone inscriptions, or it may be the writing of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors."

Sovereigns and Five Emperors?

  The ministers were shocked, and the court was in an uproar.

  Guo Zongchang sighed and said: "It's a pity that the oracle bone inscriptions of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors contain too little content, and it is difficult to make great discoveries."

  The ministers breathed a sigh of relief, for fear that something might happen to the Cangjie Pavilion.

Guo Zongchang said: "However, all the gentlemen in the Cangjie Museum have worked together to sum up the methods of identifying oracle bone inscriptions. One is the method of comparison, the other is the method of inference, the third is the method of textual research, and the fourth is the method of dismantling and analyzing. With these four methods, the future I will be able to identify more oracle bone inscriptions! There are a lot of research results today, and due to space limitations, it is inconvenient to publish them all in the "Hanlin Academic Journal". Please allow your majesty to make a separate volume with pictures and texts, print it in newspapers, and distribute it in the world. The oracle bone inscriptions that cannot be identified will also The extended text is published in the book, and people of insight from all over the world are invited to study it together.”

   "Yes," Zhao Han nodded and said, "Let the Sili Supervisor Economics Factory be responsible for publishing."

  (end of this chapter)