Three Kingdoms

  Chapter 1183 Tuntian Famous Field Juetian

Guanzhong.

  After Feiqian left, Zuo Fengyi and You Fufeng's administrations who had originally moved out of Chang'an moved back again for the sake of coordination and unification, and belonged to Chang'an City.

Zuo Fengyi's seal is in Xu Shu's hands, Jing Zhaoyin's seal is in Jia Xu's hands, as for You Fufeng's seal, although Fei Qian didn't make it clear, both Jia Xu and Xu Shu naturally stuffed it into Pang Tong's hand.

  Of course, the name is to let Pang Tong take care of it.

  Then the Guanzhong Big Three were formed. Three generations of old, middle-aged and young, just right. Therefore, it can be said that the affairs of Guanzhong, if these three people gather together, they will be considered complete representatives.

Although resettlement of refugees is complex, after all, the foundation of Guanzhong is still there, and the fields do not need to be recultivated. It is only necessary to reorganize the burned and damaged villages and villages, and make overall arrangements. Bingbei and Yinshan have such work experience, and it is actually not too difficult for the low-level officials arranged by Fei Qian from among the veterans.

   It's just cumbersome, quite cumbersome.

A group of refugees who can't even distinguish between left and right, and don't even know the most basic one, two, three, four, to make them obey the government order, understand the meaning and obey it, under the condition that the manpower is not so sufficient, it is naturally necessary to do a lot of work. Corresponding meticulous work.

  Among these tasks, the arrangement and planning of land, the most valuable living and production material, is the most critical government affairs of the three giants in Guanzhong.

This piece of land in Guanzhong can be said to have experienced the most changes, and has also witnessed too many system changes, from the "well field system" to the "name field system", and then experienced a short "wang field system", and then returned to the "name field system". Field system", and then gradually watched the "famous field system" go to destruction.

  Because the land system is directly related to the most fundamental issues of the superstructure, involving taxation and corvee, and also involves many major follow-up political systems, the current land issue must be cautious.

   On this day, the three giants in Guanzhong sat together...

"...Dead disciples do not go out of their hometowns. The villages and fields share the same wells. When they go in and out of each other, watch and help each other, and support each other when they are sick, the people will live in harmony. There are wells in each square. The well is nine hundred acres, of which it is public land. The eight families all privately own one hundred acres. Raise the public land; after the public affairs are done, you dare to deal with private affairs, so don't be a savage..." Xu Shu stroked his beard and said, "However, the king of Zhou was successful in the well field, and he was also defeated in the well field. Because people have selfish desires, the fields have private acres. Public instead of private, either lazy or obsolete..."

Pang Tong nodded and said: "'Well Field' is not available, and 'Wang Field' is not desirable... The pre-Qin was strong with "Famous Fields", and the early Han Dynasty was prosperous with "Famous Fields". And the people in Guanzhong are mostly frogs in the well, it's really lamentable that they want to stop the car with their arms..."

Jia Xu narrowed his eyes and said: "This is inevitable. It is not a serious problem to go north to the 'famous fields', but the fields in the Guanzhong have their own owners, and the strategy of 'famous fields' will damage their profits." The same is true for Jue Tian'...but if you implement 'restricting the land', it will inevitably cause shocks, which is not conducive to governance..."

   Jingtian, Mingtian, and Wangtian are some of the more famous Tianzhengs that have been implemented in Guanzhong.

   "Well field system", the earliest land system that matured on the land of China, began in the Xia and Shang Dynasties, was perfected in the Zhou Dynasty, and perished in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

  The well field is in the shape of a square, and eight families share one well to cultivate it. Each family occupies 100 mu of private land, and the middle 100 mu is public land. After this subdivision, the land is shaped like the word "well", so it is called well field. The eight families had to cultivate the public land first in order to pay labor rent called "assistance", and then each family could cultivate its own private land.

  The mu of the well field system is 100-step mu, which is considered a small mu, and in ancient times, the population was thin, so it can be divided no matter how. However, in the mid-Spring and Autumn period, the appearance of iron farm tools and cattle plowing led to the development of a large number of private fields other than public land, and the area of ​​cultivated land expanded day by day. The aristocratic lords' fanatical pursuit of private land made the public land gradually deserted, and the country's annual income was unsustainable. Subsequently, countries had to change the taxation system of labor land rent, and implemented "initial tax per mu", "decline according to the land", "11 However, tax systems such as "tax" and the well field system were gradually abandoned.

  In the pre-Qin period, with Shang Yang’s series of reforms, the ancient well field system was completely abolished, and the hereditary land ownership privileges of the lords and nobles also disappeared, and the “famous field system” was replaced.

  The most prominent feature of the famous land system is that while granting land according to household registration, different titles and different amounts of land are entrusted according to the size of military achievements.

  Borrowing land according to households realizes the state's strict control over farmers by borrowing land. All people with household registration can get a certain amount of land, and it can also enable people to recuperate so that the country is stable and the taxation is sufficient and stable.

At the same time, the most important thing is that the system of awarding land according to military merit broke the original hereditary privileges of nobles in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, and produced a large number of military meritorious landlords, which greatly promoted the social development at that time. Therefore, Qin’s national power prospered and eventually Can unify the six countries.

But the problem is that a system restricted the old class, but gave birth to a new class. With the disappearance of the old nobles, a new class of big landlords was born. However, with the development of society, a large number of land transactions appeared, and the wave of land mergers began to impact the famous land system.

  In this frenzy of land annexation, in addition to the land of ordinary self-cultivating farmers being annexed by tyrants, another type of land that has been annexed in large numbers is military land. Most of the descendants of landowners with military exploits were too arrogant to inherit the legacy of their ancestors. They either died because they violated the national law and subjugated the country, or they did nothing to help mediocrity. They sold off all the land acquired by their ancestors due to military exploits.

In addition, the land suitable for farming is relatively limited, and the acres that can be granted to the common people cannot be endless. With the growth of the population, after the initial recuperation period, by the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it was basically infinite. Tian can grant it.

  There is no extra land, so it is converted to money. The famous field system is over.

Emperor Wu of the Han even had to come up with a "restricted marquis system" on his own initiative. Although there is no express regulation, all the princes have a fixed number, and only if one is killed will another one be sealed, but Emperor Wu of the Han is a referee again. It's a player again. In the end, he broke the rules by flipping the table at every turn, and no one wants to play with him anymore...

  After Wang Mang usurped the throne, he implemented a series of new policies. In terms of the land system, he implemented the "Wang Tian System". Wang Mang and his followers believed that land private ownership and free trading were the root causes of land mergers. They had a very deep and correct understanding of this, so the Wang Land System, which was implemented, was aimed at suppressing land mergers.

  The main content of the Wangtian system is to return the land to the imperial court, prohibit private buying and selling of land, and limit the land occupied by households with no more than eight males to one "well" (900 mu). The excess part is distributed to the neighboring clans, and the landless peasant households can be granted land by the imperial court according to the standard of one hundred acres of land for one husband and one wife.

   It's just that the "Wang Tian System" strictly prohibited the sale of land. For the huge local powerful forces that had formed at that time, it was undoubtedly digging the graves of the ancestors.

  Fields must be privately owned, otherwise what is it called a feudal society?

Although the three giants in Guanzhong don't know what it means to be too big and easy to talk, but the three of them are also very aware of the negative impact brought by the abolition of private land. At the same time, they are also the beneficiaries of the emerging interests of the Feiqian Group. All my life's hard work, but in the end with the sound of "boo", all came to naught, and then the land was taken back by the country, and the children and grandchildren returned to the poor...

  This is human nature and has nothing to do with the times.

  So the current land system can only be maintained for private ownership and sale, and it must be like this.

Xu Shu sighed, and said: "A certain Yu Zuo Fengyi carried out the new policy of conquest of the west, using the refugees to farm the fields, storing rudder grains widely, fighting without abandoning farming, farming without abandoning defense, guarding without abandoning war, it is a good law, and it has achieved initial results. ...Mingtian's implementation, although there are difficulties, is still acceptable, but Juetian's strategy... oh... I really feel ashamed of the king..."

  After Xu Shu finished speaking, he couldn't help lowering his head, with a look of shame on his face.

  The garrison system was first started by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and it was divided into military garrison and civilian tun. Soldiers and farmers in the field had to pay a certain amount of rent to the court and the army when farming, and the leftover grain belonged to themselves, and the people in the field were not allowed to leave at will, otherwise they would blame their wives.

  This farming system can quickly settle the population, and can quickly produce food and grass. It also enables some landless farmers to rely on farming to make a living. It helps to appease the people and stabilize their hearts. It is the best policy for resettling refugees.

  Xu Shu allocated some unowned lands of the gentry who escaped from Zuo Fengyi to the refugees for farming, and then registered some fields in the form of famous fields. These two things went smoothly, but what about juetian...

"Yuanzhi doesn't have to be like this. Bingbeiyuan belongs to the land of disputes. Moju Outuo, the fields are all deserted, the land is vast and sparsely populated, and the Qiang and Hu abandoned the flat land according to the mountains and swamps. For hundreds of miles, they are all stalks, so it is called Tianzhice There is no hindrance to the implementation, but..." Jia Xu laughed twice, and continued, "...but the land in the middle of the pass has its own belongings, and it is hard to avoid people's grievances... Fortunately, Yuanzhi's vigilance was temporarily suspended, and Fang Not for chaos...here and now, only stability..."

Xu Shu sighed and said, "That's the case... oh..." At the beginning Fei Qian repeatedly explained, but he could only do half of it, but he had to stop. Although he knew that he had done nothing wrong, Xu Shu still felt a little uncomfortable in his heart, and also felt a little bit uncomfortable. He is very upset about these things about Zuo Fengyi.

Today, in the area of ​​Yangyin Mountain in Beiping, the land policy implemented by General Fei Qian, who is conquering the west, is actually the three systems of Tuntian, Juetian, and Mingtian. .

Bingbei and Yinshan Mountains were originally desolate, sparsely populated, and a lot of land. The adoption of the farming system attracted a large number of refugees, including people from Baibo and Heishan. There were many benefits, but farming also had great disadvantages. First of all, Locked up the space for the activities of the villagers. Although the first generation of villagers who have experienced hardships will willingly accept exploitation, the descendants who live in a relatively stable life may not be willing to continue to be villagers, so they defect or join the right There will be a lot of people under the door...

  Without the villagers, the village will gradually fall into disrepair, and once it is abandoned, the village will lose its original meaning, and then gradually be annexed by Haoyou, and return to the old way.

In addition to Beiyin Mountain, there are many acres of fields, whether it is Tuntian, famous farmland, or even Juetian, there is no problem, because these fields are originally unowned land, and what to do is all a matter of Fei Qian's words. The landlord Haoyou will say more about Feiqian, the prodigal son, and let it go...

   What else?

  Fei Qian, the general who conquered the west, is a prodigal, that is the capital of a prodigal!

But places like Guanzhong and Hanzhong are different. Most of these lands are already cultivated fields, and they are already owned by owners. It’s not even a generation. It was privately owned more than a dozen generations ago. Now Xu Shu did not have any objection to promoting the famous land system in Zuo Fengyi, after all, there are Han laws to follow...

But juetian, this is absolutely unbearable. If he didn't rebel immediately, it was probably because Fei Qian's army was strong and he didn't dare to move around. If there was a gap for these people and some foreign fire, it would definitely be like gunpowder. Like the library, it will explode at one point!

Nowadays, troops are needed everywhere, and defenses are needed everywhere. Whether it is Guanzhong or Yinshan, whether it is Pingyang or Chang'an, there is really no chaos. Therefore, considering the overall situation, Xu Shu had to postpone the promotion of the New Deal, but this point It also made him feel guilty, feeling that he hadn't done the job entrusted to him by General Fei Qian of Zhengxi.

"...the law has the same name, but the reality is different, and the thing has the same name, but the effect is different..." Pang Tong rolled his eyes, showing a little smile, and said, "This autumn is coming soon, and we need countermeasures... Well, now that we have Hanzhong food and grass, Guan Slightly stable in the middle... Might as well follow the example of Guangwu and follow Zheng Gong's strategy?"

   "Guangwu? Zheng Gong?" Xu Shu frowned, thinking.

"Zheng Bokeduan? Well, you might as well try it..." Jia Xu glanced at Pang Tong, and immediately understood, and immediately felt that this dark young man is still very good and has a bright future. ..."

Xu Shu thought for a while, looked at Pang Tong, then looked at Jia Xu, then suddenly smiled, and said, "Good! Let's use this strategy! Tomorrow, I will have people post the Han law, and I will endure it this year. How will I deal with it?" Such silverfish!"

   Isn't it clamoring to conquer the west, violate the law of the ancestors, and seize the land of the people to seize the fat of the people?

   Isn't it complaining about Zhengxi privately setting harsh laws and regulations, ignoring the community to fulfill selfish desires?

   Now raise the banner of Guangwu, and see what else you can chew on?

And these two years really need stability and harmony. After the dangerous period, freeing up your hands, of course, it is necessary to clean up and settle accounts. Anyway, the previous slogan was also shouted, and the strong wind blew. The sound was also loud, not because it didn't rain, but because it didn't come at the right time.

Tuntian, Juetian, Mingtian, plus exempting from military service and enforcing mu, using slaves instead of slaves, these were originally the Tianzheng that Feiqian had determined in Bingbei before, and it was also something approved by the Feiqian interest group including Xu Shu. Naturally, it is necessary to spare no effort to promote it.

  In the eyes of Jia Xu, Xu Shu, Pang Tong and others, Feiqian's Tianzheng has indeed solved many problems, at least they can't find any big loopholes at this stage.

Tuntian can reduce the consumption of grain and grass transshipment, stabilize the local population, and promote Chinese education; while famous fields can allow the people to have land, become the main source of taxation, and enhance the cohesion of the people; Juetian can play a certain role in regulating land mergers At the same time, it also stimulates the desire of the people to gain fame...

  As for the disadvantages of the previous system of naming land and fields until the end, no land can be named. After seeing the world map of Fei Qian, no matter who it is, it suddenly becomes clear that there are so many fields in the world, so what is there to worry about?

   Even though only two or three out of ten other places can be used for farming, it is still many times larger than the land of China today!

  After deciding on a strategy and solving this problem, the three of them naturally felt a lot more relaxed, but this good mood was quickly broken by the urgent military situation delivered by the fast horse...

   "Han and horses in Xiliang are in chaos again! General Zhengxi is trapped in the next debate!"

  The faces of the three of them suddenly became serious...

  (end of this chapter)