Three Kingdoms

  Chapter 2725 The most mixed heart

  The autumn wind is getting tighter, and the temperature is getting colder day by day.

   Fei Qian also felt a bit of chill in his heart.

  Although in feudal dynasties, one life, or even hundreds of thousands of lives is not a big deal in many cases, but Fei Qian still feels uncomfortable.

  Because Fiji is one of the numbers that can be ignored.

Even now that Fei Qian is sitting in this position, he understands that certain things need to be looked at macroscopically, but he still cannot forget that he was held back and averaged back then, so he is much better than other big men. Some of it comes from the experience at the bottom.

Fei Qian understands that the people of China have very low standards, or requirements, for officials. Even ordinary people don't need officials to do anything, no matter how big a project they are. Hard labor, without wasting people's money, can be called a "good official".

Just like Kong Rong's generation, they don't know how to deal with people's livelihood and government affairs, and they don't know how to stabilize and protect the people. As long as they don't do anything, as long as they don't disturb the people, they can already be praised by the people. Think about it , What a helpless but ridiculous thing this is...

  But even with such a low requirement, officials can repeatedly break through the bottom line.

   And year after year, the bottom line is getting lower and lower.

  There is not much difference between Fei Qian and Xun You Kanze in their understanding of the Western Regions.

   Under the leadership of Lu Bu, the Western Regions have indeed had some problems.

   Even because of these problems, some people have died, and even more people will die because of it.

  『Counselor Zhiyinjian Wang...』 Fei Qian searched for the recorded impression of the counselor Zhiyinjian in his mind, but unfortunately, he couldn't think of anything.

  『Arrange the personnel first, according to the general personnel who died in the line of duty, and give the family pension to this person...』 Fei Qian said to Xun You, "The specific merits and demerits will be added after the incident in the Western Regions..."

  Xun You cupped his hands and said: "My lord, this person is from Shandong. His family has fallen. He went to Hedong to study, and then he went to Chang'an for reference... He has no family members in Sanfu Hedong. If... he can only send people to Shandong to look for it..."

  Xun You is the chief housekeeper, he is more familiar with these people than Fei Qian, and even if Xun You can't remember, he can still consult the files kept in Shangshutai.

   Fei Qian sighed slightly, "Then send someone there too. 』

   Xun You should go down.

  In the face of the storm of the times, everyone is like a small wave in the sea, rolling and disappearing without knowing when. Perhaps this Counselor Wang also dreamed of relying on his own efforts to change his destiny, build a family, and live a happy life, and then he and his hopes and dreams quietly dissipated in the wind and sand of the Western Regions.

  『Tell me, what should you do? Don't worry, just say what comes to mind. ’ Fei Qian asked after watching Xun You and Kan Ze ponder for a while.

   Of course Fei Qian didn't want Xun You or Kan Ze to take soldiers to attack Lu Bu.

  Military generals have their own battlefields, and civil servants of course also have their own battlefields.

   Isn’t there an old saying, military generals are not afraid of death, civil officials are not corrupt, and the court is naturally very good.

  Comparing death and corruption can also prove from the side that the administration of officials is actually a major issue about life and death.

  The question of how to deal with the administration of officials raised by Feiqian at present has not been completely studied and discussed in the past dynasties. Huaxia is actually leading in many aspects, and it has been leading for thousands of years, and then fell behind at a certain stage...

In the early Han Dynasty, Huaxia had already put forward further requirements for the evaluation of officials, and even Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty said that he was actually ruling the world with the good officials of Erqianshi, and formulated the "superior plan" and "supervision" and other systems.

  At that time, the central government set up the Minister of Finance to be in charge of the county and the country, and the county and the country set up the officials of the government and the officials of the county to take charge of the local government. According to the "Hanshu" records, Liu Xun, Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, once "challenged the prime minister and the imperial censor to ask the chief planner of the prefecture and the country to guard the prime minister to make gains and losses through government orders". Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Liu Che divided the country into thirteen prefectures in the fifth year of Yuanfeng. Each prefecture set up a prefect to "inquire about matters with six points" and was responsible for supervising the prefecture and the country's order. The Han Dynasty formally established a national supervision system.

  The subsequent feudal dynasties also had more detailed rules for the assessment of officials...

  So, is it true that the emperor has no idea what his officials are doing?

  In fact, it is not, otherwise the dynasties and dynasties would not have to repeatedly strengthen the requirements for the administration of officials, and the evaluation system for officials would have been perfected. Most of the time, as long as the emperor is more or less sensible and understands some things, he basically hates the obedience and injustice of his officials.

  In fact, the fundamental problem in the administration of officials lies in class interests and the inferiority of feudal dynasties.

  The basic interests of the emperor are the world and the hearts of all the people, but for the bureaucratic group that assists the emperor, they manage the world, and the world is not their home...

   So what should we do?

   Fei Qian himself had some ideas, but he first asked Xun You and Kan Ze the question.

  Kan Ze was silent for a moment, and said: "According to what I have seen, today's officials ask questions on the surface, and there is neither on-the-spot verification nor countermeasures. Therefore, the officials have nothing to worry about, and they have a lot of luck." Therefore, the method of examination should be adopted to establish a system, clearly announced in the court, and informed in the countryside, so that the officials can understand their responsibilities, and the people know the system. 』

   Kan Ze further elaborated, saying that the court should set up a special supervisory agency to be responsible for the evaluation of officials in various places, such as dividing states and counties, and be responsible for monitoring the administrative effectiveness of states and counties. At the same time, further clarifies the requirements for officials to hold office, and considers them in terms of "morality, integrity, public and private, and diligence".

And the assessment is divided into local assessment, that is, the preliminary examination, which can be presided over by the local governor or the department chief. It mainly assesses the merits and demerits of the year. The results were reported to the court.

  Chaotang will also conduct a re-examination, which is divided into fixed exams and indeterminate exams. The regular exam is held once every three years, and is combined with the school exam. The indeterminate test is to send personnel to go deep into the local area, understand the actual situation, and check whether the local report is true...

   Fei Qian pondered for a moment, then nodded slightly, but did not say yes or no, but looked at Xun You.

   Xun You stroked his beard, as if he was still thinking about something.

   Fei Qian did not rush to urge, but waited quietly.

   After a while, Xun You bowed his hands to Fei Qian, and then said: "I think that the lord, if you want to be cured when you are not sick, you should pay more attention to it than before you take office. In the early Han Dynasty, filial piety was regarded as a talent, which led to exaggeration and exaggeration, and there were many people who were not worthy of the name. This is the cause of the disease. Now the master's method of scientific research is to get rid of the cause, and the disadvantages will disappear by themselves. But now the chaos in the Western Regions is caused by the responsibility of the local government, just like the evil of filial piety and honesty, there is no commission, no responsibility, responsibilities are not determined, and the duties are not clear, how can there be no chaos? The old minister asks the lord, establishes the official law, appoints the principal, enshrines the honor, examines the merits and demerits, checks the performance, and evaluates the officials before, during, and after they take office, so as to reward the good and punish the mediocre. 』

  Xun You said that after Fei Qian promoted the scientific research, from "appointment" to "appointment", it is necessary to strengthen the control of officials, and strengthen the management of officials from the front, middle and back.

  Before officials take office, they should investigate their conduct and make records for future investigation. At the same time, before taking office, the local chief officer should interview him, observe his words and deeds, and make corresponding records. If there is a problem with the official during his tenure, the investigator and the local chief official need to make corresponding inspections and bear certain punishments according to the crime responsibility of the offending official.

  In the appointment of officials, those with excellent political achievements are the top, those with rough positions are the middle, and those who are slow in dealing with affairs are the bottom. They are given punishments such as promotion, promotion, and dismissal. This is somewhat similar to the previous evaluation, but Xun You pointed out that the biggest change during the term of office is that not all officials can serve for the full term. If there are major problems in the evaluation during the term of office, they should be dismissed immediately and their adjutants will take over temporarily. The performance is recorded in the evaluation of his adjutant, and after the expiration, the adjutant will also face the third-class result of "promotion and exemption".

  Finally, Xun You expounded that the post-term officials are equally important. Officials in the local area should not slap their buttocks and leave after taking office. A local chronicle system should be established, that is, what the official did in the local area, and what results or consequences were recorded. Saving people requires writing, and killing people also requires writing. After all, merits and demerits are judged by future generations, and the predecessors did not dare to go too far. After all, most people still have to be shameless.

  As for a small number of people, they should be punished directly. After all, as Fei Qian said before, focus on prevention first, but it is inevitable that you will still get sick. If you are sick, you can take medicine and use a knife according to the condition.

   Fei Qian smiled and nodded.

  Actually, Kan Ze and Xun You’s proposals also have their own personal touches.

  Kan Ze mainly focused on investigation, while Xun You said that he focused on appointment. The proposals proposed by the two are their solutions to the thinking of officials, and they are also practical.

Fei Qian listened to the two people's suggestions, thought for a while, and then said: "At the time when Qiu Huo made a plan, he first revised the official management in the name of the above plan and verification, and issued official documents first, so that the Senate... By the way, the public Da, didn't the Senate happen to lose its main job? 』

  Xun You understood Fei Qian's meaning almost immediately, "My lord's intention is to conduct an examination of the administration of officials in the name of studying law?" 』

Fei Qian smiled and nodded, "Shangshutai issued an official document to order officials from all over the country to state their suggestions...the Senate is responsible for offering sacrifices to wine, participating in the law, etc., to study this matter, formulate laws, improve standards, and select the best ones. False photo of the Senate, waiting for the expiration...』

   Feiqian said slowly: "Official examination, the first thing to do is complete." Now we can focus on states and counties first, formulate their laws and regulations, clarify their standards, and formulate their methods, so that officials know how to test, how to test, evaluate grades, and measure government actions. Prepare before the exam, record the exam, and report after the exam. 』

  Fei Qian also had a period of time to deal with the issue of official administration, but most of that time period was based on the autumn harvest and autumn gifts. The content of the assessment is mainly tax issues, or issues related to taxation, such as people's livelihood, agriculture, mulberry, water conservancy, roads and so on. On the one hand, at that time, the issue of taxation was the most important and main contradiction that Feiqian faced. On the other hand, most of the official assessments in the Han Dynasty were also on this issue. What unexpected backlash will be caused by local officials and squires.

   After all, even if it wasn’t Fei Qian, could it be possible that someone else would not pay taxes?

So at that time, it was not too difficult to implement the assessment of government officials. Most people were wondering whether their own tax standards were too high, whether the number of other counties and townships was low, and whether they should use this standard, or Basically, there is no big opinion on whether or not to take this assessment.

  But now it is different, not only referring to Qiufu, but also to have the usual ethics. Completing the taxation task of the court does not mean that you can do whatever you want in the local area, and paying the money and grain of the court does not mean that the rest can be spent. This will naturally cause discomfort to some people, and even feel that it violates their interests.

   It's like the Western Regions.

  In the traditional concept of the Han Dynasty, the magistrate is the local lord. But wanting to break this concept does not mean that you can do it with a different person in charge, but more importantly, you need to change your mind and change this concept...

  So the first step is to promote the change of the concept of the chief officer of the state and county.

And this change does not mean that they need to make a 180-degree change immediately, but a gentle, slow, step forward, so that they can't even feel it, as if they are going to move forward Same step.

   Did Fei Qian immediately put forward high demands?

not at all.

On the surface, the prefects of the counties are still the chief officials. Now they have one more task. They are responsible for the assessment of local officials. Of course, this is the same as their previous work, but the difference is that their assessment is no longer just In order to be responsible for myself, I have to report it at the same time.

   Clear requirements must be reported.

  The key point is this "report".

  How, what was assessed, and what was the result.

   These contents may not seem to be very important, but they are actually very important.

   Xun You's eyes moved slightly, as if he had thought of something...

   Sure enough, Fei Qian continued, "Secondly, there should be a full-time assessment. Then use Yushitai as a template to set up the merit examination department, which is responsible for the examination of officials. 』

  In the Han Dynasty, there was the Yushitai, which was also responsible for the evaluation of officials, but the Yushitai was relatively more famous, so it was renamed as the Kaogongsi. The difference from the original Yushitai is that the Yushi has the responsibility of impeachment, and although the meritorious service division also has the power to assess the performance and character of officials, the other supervision power and the authority to spy on rumors belong to the hearing department. .

   Neither Xun You nor Kan Ze were surprised by this arrangement.

   After all, both of you just said that the evaluation of officials is very important. To strengthen the management in this area, of course, a more efficient organization is needed. So is there any more effective method than having a dedicated person?

  Xun You asked Fei Qian for his opinion on the chief of the Kaogong Division.

  Fei Qian thought for a while, and said that the magistrates and county magistrates of the surrounding counties of Chang'an Sanfu, who have excellent performance and whose term of office is about to expire, will be selected, and the evaluation will be based on merit.

  Xun You also said that Fei Qian’s decision was very wise, and said that once the news is released, many people will definitely be excited...

   Fei Qian smiled.

   Xun You is also smiling.

   Kan Ze looked left and right, and then he was a little dazed.

  『Thirdly,』 Fei Qian talked about the third aspect, 『Gongda’s local chronicles are a good strategy. The matter of assessment should be publicly reviewed, and the matter of local chronicles should also be made public. Previously, there was an assessment when the term of office expired, and the time limit was too long. Supplementing the local aspirations with years can make up for the lack...』

  The assessment is made public, and the local chronicles are also made public.

  The disclosure of assessments began in the early Han Dynasty.

There is a word in the Han Dynasty, which is called "public evaluation", that is, in the form of a meeting, the officials in charge of the examination ask various questions to the officials to be assessed, and the officials to be assessed must answer in class, and then the officials in charge of the examination combine their own annual reports submitted by the officials to be assessed. Summarize the report and other related text materials, and set the assessment level.

  Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu, personally "summoned the planners of the counties and asked about their customs" and "public evaluation" many times to evaluate the quality of the work of the county officials. Emperor Guangwu took the lead in setting an example, and local officials such as county guards naturally evaluated subordinate officials in the same way, and public evaluation of officials became a custom within a period of time in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

   Later, when the emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty became lazy, local officials also became lazy.

Fei Qian also said before that as an official, his term of office will be evaluated. If the consecutive term of office is not good, or if there is a major problem during a certain term, the official will be given a posthumous title. Comments, but Huaxia has a problem, that is, it is too friendly to the bad guys and too harsh to the good guys.

  Of course Confucius did not intend to do so. The original meaning was just to persuade people to be good. In order to make more "bad people" return to goodness, it said that as long as "the prodigal son turns back, the gold will not be exchanged", but it is just "the gold will not be exchanged", and it is "not guilty" if you don't say it, but some Man twisted and took advantage of.

Therefore, on the one hand, Fei Qian has not been in power for too long, and no official has been rated as "evil". On the other hand, many corrupt officials are also very cunning, and they will use some tricks, such as At the beginning of the year, they quietly embezzled the money for other purposes, and at the end of the year, they only spent two small money to send a few farmers to repair the water conservancy, and it was known all over the city.

Do bad things first when you take office, and then do good things at the end of the term, and then the people are inexplicably grateful, feeling that they have influenced the bad people to become good people. Good officials can prove that their efforts over the years are fruitful and pleasing...

  Open local chronicles will avoid this problem to a certain extent.

  For example, if it is written to repair water conservancy, it has been repaired for one year, two years, three years, and then it has not been repaired after resigning, so what?

  If it is not announced every year, but only roughly recorded, then in the end, I am afraid that the official's resume will show that he pays attention to water conservancy and has made meritorious repairs, but in reality?

   Moreover, the local chronicles suggested by Xun You happen to be a point that Fei Qian values ​​very much. Perhaps it may also revitalize China's chaotic and reincarnated bureaucratic structure and inject some new vitality...

  (end of this chapter)