Three Kingdoms

  Chapter 2809 Ordinary farmers are happy to join the army, and they are busy working in multiple cropping rotations

   Guanzhong, right Fufeng.

  Miyang.

  『Patriarch...』 Another young man walked up to the patriarch with some timidity.

  The old man is the patriarch of the Su family in Meiyang.

   Recently, there was something that gave him a headache, especially when he saw "another" young man coming to him, "Are you going to be a soldier too?" 』

  『Yes, yes...』 The young man nodded again and again, with a look of expectation in his eyes.

  『I remember that there are only two brothers in your family? Your father's legs and feet are not very convenient. If you go to serve as a soldier, your brothers will be required to farm your fields. Are you busy? ’ asked the patriarch.

  The young man said cautiously: "Busy, I'm busy... My father said, if it doesn't work, I will hire a laborer to help..."

Because of the existence of the Qinling labor camp, some laborers who have served for a longer period of time and performed better, and who are about to expire, will have the right to choose short-term work. On the one hand, these laborers can get in touch with the outside world in advance, and on the other hand, they can Let these laborers know where they should go to earn money to support themselves after leaving the camp.

   This method is very common in later generations.

This method may not all be labor labor or criminals, but also some normal occupations, such as college students, or the social practice of migrant households. In fact, the intention is the same, to let these people leave the familiar environment and enter the strange world. There was a familiar process before, but in the actual implementation process, due to various reasons, it was often not implemented.

  The patriarch sighed. In the past two days, there have been no less than twenty young people who have come to him to write a note to apply for the job. In addition to the young apprentices recruited by the Agricultural Society and the Engineering Society, the young labor force in his village has been reduced by no less than thirty people. If things go on like this, let’s not talk about the immediate spring plowing problem, the subsequent impact of these labor shortages may be more...

   Now the treatment of the soldiers is too good!

  The patriarch thought a little depressed.

   There is even a settling allowance...

  Five stones of millet can also be exchanged for corresponding money.

  Not only is there a settling allowance, but also a full-term payment of military pay, which can be kept for one’s own use, or can be entrusted to transfer back to one’s family the silver shop under the hussars. If you get meritorious service on the battlefield, you can use it for Jue Tian, ​​and with all food and clothing in the army, it's no wonder that these young people are going to serve in the army.

  『Being a soldier has to endure hardships, and your life is in danger. You have to think about it... 』The old patriarch reminded.

  Young people obviously don’t understand the meaning of death very much, or they know it but don’t care too much, “It’s okay, if it’s true... the pension will be given to my father, and my brother will marry a wife...”

   "Okay, I'll write you a note..." the patriarch said helplessly, shaking his head. Although he doesn't really want all young people to become soldiers, but now, this is indeed a good way, and he has no reason to stop these young people from chasing their dreams.

  …(o▽)o…

  Fei Qian is currently in the Agricultural Society located in Youfufeng.

Originally, it was only used as an experimental field base for Zaozhi, but later it expanded and occupied more and more land. Later, even the training of agricultural bachelors was put here, and it became a center integrating academic research and practice. A comprehensive emerging small town.

  After Fei Qian and Cao Cao reached an armistice agreement, Fei Qian clearly realized that such a short time for peace building between the two sides would not last long.

   As time goes by, this short-term peace agreement will become more and more unstable. As the differences between Shandong and Shanxi become larger, conflicts will naturally increase.

  This kind of irreconcilable political differences and conflicts will inevitably lead to war in the end.

Whether it is Shandong or Shanxi, they are accumulating strength, and then at a certain point, they will use violence to solve the problem, or solve the person who caused the problem. After all, this is a fine tradition of China. In the beginning, the means of resolving differences included, but were not limited to, physically destroying opponents.

Even if you ignore the contradictions between Shandong and Shanxi, in the long run, no matter what political system or feudal dynasty, you must maintain a certain amount of military strength, otherwise the surrounding "good neighbors" will happily come to China to zero Yuan purchase.

   To support a strong enough military force, you need a good economic foundation.

Regarding why Feiqian can use less land and less manpower to support more soldiers and carry out more commercial activities, most people in Shandong think that it is the economic benefits brought by Feiqian's potential business. But in fact, many Shandong people were deceived by Fei Qian...

  Many Shandong people think that Feiqian is mercantilism. In fact, Feiqian is still a physiocrat at heart, but it has evolved from a simple physiocratism to a physiocratism that emphasizes science and technology.

  Every spring, Fei Qian would come to Zaozhi, accompanied by Zaozhi, to check the improvement and development of agriculture, and to discuss the direction of the next step in agriculture.

   Compared with the later generations, the agriculture of the Han Dynasty is very rough.

This point, Fei Qian is very clear, but for Fei Qian, he knows that there is a big gap between modern agriculture and Dahan agriculture, and it is not difficult for Fei Qian to tell the determinants of the gap, nothing more than pesticides and chemical fertilizers , improved seeds, water conservancy, genetically modified, soil chemistry, etc...

   That’s right, that’s all.

  But it is not easy to change these "just".

  In the Han Dynasty, many agricultural things in later generations cannot be copied.

   Without him, the conditions are too bad.

  In the Han Dynasty, there were only two ways to increase grain production "immediately", one was farmland water conservancy, and the other was the promotion of improved varieties. Basic organic fertilizers can only be supplementary, because the standards for fertilizers are not uniform, and the situation varies from place to place, so fertilizer is not yet a decisive and very important factor. As for those general-purpose fertilizers such as phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers in later generations, don't even think about it. It is impossible for a big man to do it now.

  Fei Qian is also very glad that he abducted a Zaoyi as an agricultural assistant, so that Feiqian's scattered agricultural knowledge can be localized through Zaoyi.

  Fei Qian grew up in the environment of great social division of labor in later generations. Under the system of social division of labor, Fei Qian's agricultural knowledge and even other knowledge are actually somewhat one-sided and discontinuous.

The future generations of Fei potential need to plant a few vegetables, they only need to buy seeds to plant, at most learn how to distinguish the seeds from good to bad, and the precautions for planting. The rest, such as how the seeds are produced, Fei Qian doesn't need to know how many processes are required, and there is no need to know. But in the Han Dynasty, without the assistance of Zaozhi and others, Fei Qian would not be able to transform what he knew into real productivity...

If the original agricultural system of the Han Dynasty is regarded as an ordinary iron chain, then Fei Qian’s later knowledge is like golden beads, but the problem is that Fei Qian’s gold beads are all separate, which is incompatible with the original agricultural system of the Han Dynasty .

  The person who acts as a bridge in the middle to carry out the transformation is Zaozhi.

  Zao only provided Fei Qian with the military confidence, and it was the Southern Huns who also laid some cornerstones under the throne of Fei Qian's hussars.

In fact, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had already touched a bit of the peak form of the feudal dynasty back then, but it is a pity that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not persist in exploring, nor solidified it, and did not solve the problems arising in it in time, so the four-legged It became two legs, and then the feudal dynasty even cut off the legs and nailed them to the manor. User registration and strict laws made the grassroots people only live in a limited area forever. Until death, generation after generation.

Although the Southern Huns also have the word Xiongnu, they are two completely different series from the Huns they encountered in the early days of the Han Dynasty. The Southern Huns who prefer a stable life chose to be close to the Han people. The attitude with these Southern Huns is not good. On the one hand, these Southern Huns are not allowed to have more opportunities to integrate, and on the other hand, they try to suppress and bully these people, and they are hired without giving money...

  Fi potential has now adopted various means to divide and absorb these southern Huns. Although it is true that these Southern Huns are not as useful in farming as the Han people, their ability in animal husbandry is indeed remarkable, especially in pig breeding, which has given Fei Qian a lot of help.

After all, Fei Qian's future generations only know how to buy pork in the vegetable market and supermarket, but they don't know how many vaccinations and medicines a young pig needs to be vaccinated from birth to slaughter in a modern pig farm, and what is the daily disinfection in the pigsty. How much medicine is used, etc. Even if the pigs are raised in later generations, if one accidentally causes swine fever, a large number of them will die.

Therefore, with the helpers who are very skilled in animal husbandry like the Southern Huns, there is a large-scale, half-scattered and half-pig farm model of animal husbandry in Feiqian County and other places, and it is also for these people in the northeast of Sanfu River in Chang'an and military personnel, provided a high-fat high-calorie food source.

   Only when the right people do the right things can the entire team operate normally.

   Zaoyi is undoubtedly the most suitable person in charge of agriculture. Agriculture is not achieved by sitting in a temple, writing plans and making fusses, but by each agricultural technician step by step in the land, fish ponds and fruit trees.

  For an agricultural technician, he has to live close to the farmland.

  The entire Agricultural Society is built with the latest blue bricks produced by the brick kiln, and the neat buildings reveal a calm demeanor.

  Among these buildings, the glass greenhouse is obviously the most conspicuous building. This product was originally just for Fei Qian to solve the problem of eating vegetables in winter, but now it has become an important place for breeding and selection because it can maintain a suitable temperature all year round.

  The water drawn from the Wei River flows along the canals between the farmlands.

  There are not only food crops such as Zhuanghe, but also vegetables, and some economic plants, such as cotton.

  There are relatively few fruit trees, which is not surprising. After all, the cultivation and selection of fruit trees has only recently begun.

  In the farmland, there are dug fish ponds, where carp and grass carp are raised. The scale is small, but it is also a new beginning.

  Even if there is open space around the building of the Agricultural Society, there is no waste. Alfalfa is planted on both sides of the road, and grape trellises are built in the middle of the patio...

  Zaozhi introduced Fei Qian and complained to Fei Qian that there was too little labor force. There are some highly repetitive and less technical jobs that are not suitable for bachelors of agriculture. After all, bachelors of agriculture need to improve themselves in agricultural technology, rather than spending a lot of time in the agricultural society to master field weeding.

  About this question, Fei Qian could only smile wryly. After agreeing to send some laborers over to Zaozhi, he transferred the content of the conversation to Zhuang He.

   Labor is a scarce resource at all times. The so-called surplus labor is just that there is no place to use this labor, or there is a deliberate surplus.

  It is like the so-called unemployment rate, which is actually deliberately ignored by capitalism in order to ensure the long-term availability of cheap labor and to maintain a state of oversupply of human goods, and even deliberately emphasizes it. Every capitalist is very happy to yell at employees all the time, "If you don't work hard today, you will work hard to find a job tomorrow", "If you love to work, don't quit, some people want to do it"...

  Feiqian basically does not have any excess labor force here, because Fiqian needs people there, so there is even a shortage of some labor force, which limits the pace of rapid development that could have been achieved to a certain extent.

   This time Fei Qian came to find Zaozhi mainly to see the development of bean crops and other crop rotation techniques.

  The rotation of beans and grains is not the first initiative of Feiqian, but to study this rotation as a technology, and to record and develop it in a special way is indeed a way that Feiqian pointed out to Dahan Agriculture to increase the total yield per mu.

China is a traditional agricultural society. Farming technology is the core to maintain the development of the entire Chinese society. As early as in ancient times, rotation farming technology had appeared, but it was still very extensive at that time. If the inland strength cannot be restored, people will migrate with their clans to reclaim farmland in other places.

  The so-called reclamation at that time was to set fire to it, then dig a few holes with a wooden stick, drop the seeds, pour some water, or even not water, and it was over. This kind of farming system is also called abandonment system or nomadic farming system, which is a predatory agricultural management method. This farming mode has a long cycle, generally 20 to 30 years or even longer, and the land utilization rate is low, and the ability of artificial land cultivation is weak.

  The subsequent emergence of irrigation and well field systems, coupled with the greatly improved agricultural production tools, brought agricultural production into a new stage of plowing and hoeing during the Shang and Zhou dynasties. Iron implements and cattle plowing also enabled the realization and development of the three-year cycle of "Su-Xin-She" in the Zhou Dynasty and the "Tian Lai System" or "Yi Tian System" in the Spring and Autumn Period.

  The development of agricultural technologies such as fertilization, irrigation, weeding, and pest control has greatly increased agricultural productivity. The output of grain brought about an increase in the population, and the increase in the population also had higher requirements for the yield per mu. Therefore, in the Han Dynasty, the "Tianlai System" or "Easy Field System" gradually failed to meet people's needs, and the cycle of shortages began. It was eventually turned into a real rotation.

Continuous planting of the same kind of crops, on the one hand, the same Zhuanghe means that the same type of nutrients will be absorbed every year, causing a one-sided consumption of some aspects of the nutrient elements in the soil, resulting in an unbalanced soil nutrient status; on the other hand, Zhuanghe does not get enough nutrients, and it is easy to lead to overgrown weeds, aggravated spread of diseases and insect pests, and eventually leads to crop yield reduction.

  So in the Western Han Dynasty, the Daitian method and the District field method prevailed.

Although the district field method has the advantages of higher yield, it is not only applicable to flat land and mature land, but also can be applied to **** land and wasteland, which is conducive to expanding the scope of land use and increasing the grain yield per mu. The method requires high technical requirements and consumes a lot of manpower and material resources. Therefore, after the Han Dynasty, the Daitian method was still the main method, while the District field method was only used in small-scale experimental fields...

   But now, Fei Qian asked Zaoyi to use the Ou Tian method again.

  The land of Zhuanghe in front of Feiqian is the area field method. In the field in front of him, Zhuang He showed some buds, and many agricultural scholars and laborers were busy in the field. There are two types of field layout in the district field method, ditching on-demand and pit-on-demand. This time, both are useful, and the manpower and material resources used are recorded, etc., which will eventually be used as a measure of adoption and promotion.

  In another piece of field a little farther away, the multi-cropping rotation mode was adopted based on Fei Qian's suggestion. That's right, now it's time to see whether the district field method yields higher yields or the new multi-cropping rotation mode is better.

Single-crop rotation is a planting method in which different crops or multiple crop combinations are planted sequentially between seasons or between years on the same field, including the rotation of a single crop between years and the multi-cropping conditions in one year. under the crop rotation method.

  Multiple cropping rotation is a method of planting two or more crops in one year on the same field, and the rotation is carried out according to the year. The advantage of this model is that Zhuanghe planting is more intensive, and the planting area is increased without increasing the area of ​​​​the field, especially for areas with a lot of people and little land, such as areas like Guanzhong Sanfu, which is of great significance.

  This multi-cropping and rotation mode was relatively mature in the Song Dynasty, and it was also widely promoted by officials. Especially in the Southern Song Dynasty, it became almost an inevitable choice for all farmers.

Feiqian applied this model hundreds of years in advance to the present. In theory, it should be suitable for Dahan's current productivity level. After all, Feiqian has also developed a lot of pre-technologies related to agriculture before, such as Deep tillage methods, green manure cultivation, tillage tools, etc.

   It is precisely because of these pre-existing agricultural technologies that we can have the current experimental conditions for the multi-cropping rotation system.

   Otherwise, it is said that it is the process of sieving soil and gravel, deep plowing soil, mixing fertilizers, etc. If there is no corresponding tool to support the reduction of labor intensity, it is simply done by manpower, which will not last long and is not conducive to promotion.

  However, how this multiple crop rotation method is, still needs to be verified by the results of practice.

Fei Qian and Zaozhi were walking slowly in the field, watching those fresh and tender young seedlings sprouting from the soil in the fields, feeling very happy, suddenly there was a noise in the distant farm When the sound came, Fei Qian and others couldn't help but look sideways...

  (end of this chapter)