Three Kingdoms

  Chapter 2663 Whoever loses wins

  『The people cannot be self-governing. If the people can be self-governing, what is the temple? Zheng Xuan frowned, waved his arms, and said emphatically, "Temples govern the people, build roads and bridges, open canals and open mines, all of which need to be dispatched. How can the people be left to their own devices?" If the people use self-government, it must only be farming and weaving! Can the county still do it? Can its country be strong? Without the law of the temple, there will be no kindness of the people! 』

  『Huang Lao said that the people should do things for themselves and hope for great governance. This is absurd! Big mistake! Zheng Xuan said very seriously, "What the people do for themselves is all out of selfishness!" However, the grand duke of the world must harm his little selfishness! Just like a great victory on the battlefield, there must be casualties of soldiers. If it is selfish, the people are afraid of casualties and will not advance, and they are afraid that their wives will have no support. How can they win? 』

  『Corvée, taxes, wars, etc., how can the common people do it? Zheng Xuan continued, "Is the daily income of the ancient people comparable to today's?" Why? Chaotang has its inherent disadvantages, but don't give up eating because of choking! Taoism is naturally true, but self-government by the people is not! 』

   Zheng Xuan spoke very seriously, very seriously.

  He was neither angry nor quibbling, but was really discussing with Sima Hui.

  Because that's what he thinks.

  In Zheng Xuan’s early academic thinking, he believed that there were gods, and he also recognized the theory of the Son of Heaven. This can be seen in his annotations to "Shangshu" before he came to Chang'an. Moreover, Zheng Xuan also believes that the five elements should have five materials, and then there are the sun, moon and five stars, and then because of some political failure, the gods will be angry, and the five materials will be useless if they are not used.

  Obviously, this seems to be a smooth, but unreasonable logic.

   As for the errors in this logic, even elementary school students in later generations will be able to point it out, but for people in the Han Dynasty, it is very popular, because this theory of interaction between heaven and man has been used for three or four hundred years. Think about how many years later scholars have already occupied the top position of the academy, controlled the mouthpiece, colluded to exclude others, blatantly faked and hyped each other, and then controlled for three or four hundred years. What should the Confucian children of the Han Dynasty look like? ?

This kind of interaction between heaven and man in the Han Dynasty was originally just to promote the divine right of the monarch and deify the emperor. If the monarch’s behavior conforms to the will of the god, all kinds of Jiarui and Furui will be sent down from heaven to show prosperity; All kinds of disasters will come down as a warning. It can be further deduced from this that life and death, high and low, rich and poor, misfortune and good fortune are all determined by the destiny of all people, so they should respect the destiny and obey the feudal rule.

   This is actually a bit of a backtrack.

  Liu Bang managed to **** the power from the "noble" old aristocrats. As a result, his grandson created another heaven-human induction, and then returned it step by step...

  But after Zheng Xuan arrived in Chang'an, he began to re-examine some of his previous commentaries on the scriptures because of serious arguments and justifications.

  Zheng Xuan gradually began to emphasize the subjective initiative of people, saying that as long as he acts in accordance with orderly arrangements and objective laws, good results can be obtained, and he no longer particularly emphasizes those auspicious things.

   Such a change is due to the change of Zheng Xuan's political stance.

Zheng Xuan was originally conservative and orthodox in his political stance. He believed that the feudal system was reasonable and eternal, which was in line with God’s will, so he actively maintained the centralized system of feudal rule and opposed local separatist forces. He dislikes Yuan Shao very much, and doesn't like Cao Cao either.

  But now, although Zheng Xuan also opposes the local separatist forces, he also realizes that not all the local separatist forces harm the people and are the root of troubled times...

  Especially after Feiqian gained the stability in Guanzhong, he did not aggressively attack Shandong, but still obeyed the emperor. Although Zheng Xuan also understood that this was only a superficial obedience, it was enough to make Zheng Xuan feel relieved.

  Because Zheng Xuan fundamentally agrees with the Han Dynasty, he believes that to be a minister, one must have at least one of the three virtues, loyalty, righteousness and bravery, and cannot have nothing at all. Therefore, in Zheng Xuan's theory of overall matters, although the part of prophecy has been removed now, and the gods and auspicious things are no longer emphasized, Zheng Xuan still believes that in the system of dealing with the relationship between monarchs and ministers and governing the people, it is necessary to strictly abide by the hierarchical order. It can make politics stable, the weather will be smooth, and the country will be peaceful and the people will be safe.

   As far as Sima Hui is concerned, he thinks that Fei Qian is doing very well now.

  The political system recognized by Sima Hui is completely different from that of Zheng Xuan.

   To put it simply, Sima Hui believes that the court is too far away from the place. The responsibility of the court is only to manage the officials in various places, but it should not formulate some useless policies to tie the hands and feet of the states and counties.

  And from a certain point of view, the courts of the Han Dynasty did not do very well...

  『Temples... Well, since Zheng Gong said temples, let’s talk about temples...' Sima Hui stroked his beard and said, 'In the past, the filial emperor died, and Emperor Chong was born in his infancy. What is the temple for? I beg the queen mother to come to court, what is the queen mother doing? Zhaoji, Taifu and Taiwei participated in the recording of Shangshu. Ji is in a high position and has power in the court, but he is extravagant and violent. Later, Emperor Xiao Chong collapsed again, and Emperor Ji Lizhi was established. The emperor is young but intelligent, knows how to be arrogant and arrogant, tastes the officials of the court, and speaks evil words in his eyes, but what are the ministers in the court doing? Hehe, let the domineering enter the poison, and the emperor will collapse immediately. 』

  『After Emperor Xiaohuan ascended the throne, he loved the eunuchs and went far away from Qingliu, why? The lessons learned from Emperor Xiaozhi! ’ Sima Hui sneered and said, ‘If in the time of filial piety, there were ministers of the court who were brave enough to do things and get rid of violence, would it be a disaster for later eunuchs? Domineering is cruel, but eunuchs can get rid of it, but why can't Qingliu do it? After Emperor Xiaohuan, court disputes intensified, and everyone thought about their own desires, and it was difficult to maintain a public heart. What is the benefit of such temples? 』

At the beginning, Emperor Han Zhi still counted on his courtiers. He publicly stated that he would draw a line with Liang Ji, and scolded Liang Ji in court. The consequences of turning his face, so Emperor Han Zhi probably knew the consequences but still did it.

   So who gave Emperor Hanzhi the courage?

   Definitely not Ms. Liang, but naturally the bewitchers behind this incident, those ministers who claim to be clean in the court.

It's like those public figures in later generations who hold state salaries and enjoy high-level treatment changed from calling beasts to money calling beasts after the **** curtain was lifted. Emperor Hanzhi once believed in these high-ranking ministers, But what did these people do for Emperor Hanzhi in the end?

   These people did nothing during the lifetime of Emperor Han Zhi, and they did nothing after his death.

After the death of Emperor Hanzhi, the candidates for the new emperor were divided into two groups. One group was Liang Ji who wanted to make Liwu Hou Liu Zhi the emperor, and the other group was Li Gu, Hu Guang, Zhao Jie, Dahonglu Du Qiao, etc. who wanted to Liu Lian, king of Qinghe, was established as emperor. As a result, Liang Ji just dismissed Li Gu, and easily established Liu Zhi as emperor, which was Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty.

  So Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty didn't take the route of Qingliu ministers at all, just like those rat **** public sages in later generations ruined the original good pot of porridge.

  If the trust between the monarch and his ministers is lost, how can it be used as a good temple?

  Liu Zhi finally relied on eunuchs to launch a coup, punished Liang Ji, and cut off his party members, and then from Emperor Huan, he entered the era when eunuchs were in power.

  The final consequence of the eunuch's power, needless to say Sima Hui, is the current war...

  So Sima Hui thinks that it is better not to have a stupid court, and a strong and intelligent local prince like Fei Qian can do better than a stupid court, as evidenced by Chang'an Sanfu. Chaotang, or the Son of Heaven, just be a mascot, don't command blindly. You just need to do a good job of restraint, just like the prime ministers of various feudal countries, the prince is the name, and the prime minister is the reality.

  Of course, the system envisaged by Sima Hui is also problematic...

  『No! No! Zheng Xuan shook his head and said, "This is a fallacy." The chaos in the temple is due to poor selection of ministers. If the hussars are in the hall, they can be cured more than Guanzhong Sanfu. If temples are neglected, places are more important, and chaos will inevitably arise in the long run, just like the seven kingdoms. At that time, the whole world will be full of vassal clans, the law will be confused, and if the country is not a country, the world will be overthrown! 』

  『No, no! ’ Sima Hui also shook his head and said, ‘What the old man said is a final policy. It is established that there should be no war, let alone the troubles of the Seven Kingdoms. What's more, even if there are giant clans of feudal clans, just like what happened in Lantian, Lian County, what is there to be afraid of? 』

  『Absurd, absurd...』

  『Wrong, wrong...』

The two old people argued from daytime to evening, and then they stopped, drinking water and eating silently, thinking about each other's words, thinking about their own arguments, and then fell asleep separately, and washed in the next morning. After using the premature candied fruit, the two started a new round of argument.

  Perhaps neither side could directly determine the outcome of the temple dispute, so the two quickly moved on to disputes over other differences.

   Like the law.

  Zheng Xuan expressed the need for strict laws, more detailed and more complete, no one can violate the law, even the monarch. The monarch should take the lead in obeying the law, so as to ensure the effective implementation of the law.

Sima Hui felt that education must be given first before the law is enforced, and that more opportunities for people to correct themselves should be established, and moral standards should be established in the countryside, so that most of the problems can be solved and the law on local administration can be reduced. legal pressure.

  Zheng Xuan said that it is necessary to increase the publicity of the law and increase the number of officials of the law, so that there will be wider justice.

  Sima Hui means that too many officials will increase the burden on the people, and the publicity of the law should be reduced, because the law is the lowest bottom line. What is the glory of promoting the bottom line all day long? Therefore, what is needed is to increase moral guidance, so as to improve the standard of the people.

Zheng Xuan said that the law is an important way to solve conflicts between people. A good law can lead people to be more kind and fear evil; but Sima Hui felt that since conflicts easily arise between people, they should directly Solving the root cause of the contradiction, and strengthening the law is only a temporary solution, not the root cause, and will lead the people to see if there are any loopholes in the law to exploit...

  So the two had a violent quarrel.

   Zheng Xuan is somewhat inclined to the Foolish Loyalist.

  In Zheng Xuan's view, subjects must be loyal to the monarch, regardless of whether the monarch is good or bad.

  And Sima Hui is a relativist.

  Sima Hui's concept is actually a bit like that of later generations. How much salary the boss gives determines how much loyalty is.

  Actually, the Confucian concept of the monarch and his subjects, especially during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, did not mean absolute loyalty and obedience, but emphasized that the monarch and his subjects have their own obligations and must respect each other. "The emperor envoys the ministers with courtesy, and the ministers serve the emperor with loyalty." If the emperor does not respect the ministers, the ministers do not need to be loyal to the emperor. Although the emperor is honorable, he must accept restraint. If the monarch's actions violate the constraints, the ministers can also dissolve the relationship between the monarch and the ministers and violate their own king.

Mencius and Xunzi who followed were even more extreme, especially Mencius, who directly said that the king does not regard you as a human being, but you treat him as an enemy. Xunzi also said that the monarch and his ministers have different responsibilities. Whoever it is is very important, and they all have to do their part.

  So the Confucian scholars in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States were really not obedient. If the monarch broke his promise or did something evil, the Confucian scholars would scold them lightly, or draw their swords at each other seriously.

   As for complete obedience to the monarch, that is a matter for the Legalists.

So many people say that Dong Zhongshu is a literary thief, probably because of this, because he not only stole things, took possession of the Legalist Yin-Yang family, but also lost the hard bones of the original Confucian scholars, leaving him with a thief spirit .

The Han Dynasty was the last glory of the **** Confucian scholars. After the Tang Dynasty, the civil and military were basically separated, and there were some so-called "gentlemen" who held fans and sang songs with singers in restaurants. There are some unscrupulous Confucian scholars who "know the general trend and follow the general trend" who have no morals.

  So generally speaking, Zheng Xuan belongs to the concept of monarch and ministers after being influenced by Dong Zhongshu in the Han Dynasty, while Sima Hui still maintains the definition of loyalty in the early Han Dynasty, or the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

   It was when Zheng Xuan and Sima Hui were arguing about the loyalty of monarchs and ministers that Fei Qian came.

When the two were arguing on the first day, neither Sima's family nor Zheng Xuan's disciples paid much attention to it. After all, academic debates are common. There are those who cannot be persuaded with words or those who use physical persuasion.

  But as the debate between the two deepened, the scope involved became larger and larger, which alarmed Fei Qian.

   When Fei Qian arrived, it was already the afternoon of the second day.

  Both Zheng Xuan and Sima Hui seemed to have seen Fei Qian, but they also seemed to have not seen it. The two old men quoted scriptures, refuted each other's arguments, and expounded their own ideas...

  『Can you write down what Er Gong said? Are there any omissions? Fei Qian asked Guoyuan, "Where's drinking water?" Is the food ready? Is the doctor ready? 』

  Guoyuan was sweating slightly on his head, "Most of today's theory has been recorded, but yesterday's theory has not been recorded...Food and water are available in the village, but the doctor..."

   Guoyuan was quite frightened.

   But he wasn't afraid to face Feiqian.

  Guoyuan, as Zheng Xuan's disciple, did not expect that things would turn into the current situation.

The differences between Zheng Xuan and Sima Hui's ideas are not only the difference between ancient and modern Chinese, but also in specific governance matters, including differences in laws, systems, etc. The two of them also disagreed on which scriptures to choose, but the differences were not obvious. After all, the important scriptures were those few scriptures, which were handed down from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States, and there are contexts that can be traced.

  But when it comes to the current correct solution, the difference will naturally be big...

  Words on the same scripture have different interpretations in different sentence readings, not to mention the differences in ideas between schools like Zheng Xuan Sima Hui, which can affect the whole body.

  At the beginning, Guoyuan only wanted to use Sima Hui's power to invite Zheng Xuan out of the retreat, but he didn't expect that he would fall into a more troublesome situation after he was invited out.

Zheng Xuan is old and weak, this is something everyone knows, although there is a Chang'an Hundred Medical Center, but the Hundred Medical Center cannot resist the erosion of time, physical aging is irreversible, so Guoyuan is afraid that Zheng Xuan is in retreat what's wrong.

  But now Guoyuan realizes that there will be more problems after leaving the customs, because of such high-intensity arguments and violent brainstorming, not to mention the elderly, even the young may not be able to persist...

   What if, what if, Guoyuan didn't dare to think about it, so he was very scared.

  Looking at Guoyuan, Fei Qian was indeed a little annoyed.

  Fei Qian took a deep breath, waved his hand, and asked Guoyuan to go to the hall to take charge of the records, and leave other things alone.

"Send someone to the Hundred Medical Center to see if Doctor Hua is there, and invite him to come. If Hua Tuo is not there, then let Doctor Zhang come first..." Fei Qian flipped through Guoyuan's records while commanded.

   This matter was indeed beyond Fei Qian's expectations. But the matter has come to this point, forcibly interrupting the two old people may not be a good thing.

Fei Qian's original idea was to debate bit by bit in the Great Discussion of Qinglong Temple, and then determine who will win and who will win, and whose concept is more in line with social needs. rushed back.

Pang Tong will also leave quietly soon. Even if Pang Tong does not leave, as an important adviser under Fei Qian, Pang Tong is not suitable to enter the competition in person. next game as a player...

  So it means that in terms of the Huang-Lao School, only Sima Hui is left.

Perhaps it was because the person who could have come forward to protect Mr. Huang had left, or maybe it was because the news of Mr. Pound also made Sima Hui feel urgent, or maybe it was some other reason. Anyway, the two old people felt that the long-term pain was worse than the short-term pain... Well, Anyway, that's pretty much what it meant, so they naturally came together and started fighting hand to hand.

Fei Qian quickly read the record of the two people's debate, and then pulled out the remarks of the court and the local area, and said: "I will leave the discussion about the emperor and the court in the table, and copy the rest of the discussion." The copy was passed on to You Zhengping in Qinglong Temple and asked him to preach. 』

Mi Heng is a big loudspeaker, which inherently has a gathering effect, so through him, the contents of the two people's disputes will be quickly disseminated. Attract, then divert, and ultimately generate bigger and more debates…

  『Besides, increase the number of patrols and soldiers in Qinglong Temple,』 Fei Qian continued to order, "Strengthen patrols in Chang'an Sanfu... Also, let the bookstore prepare paper engravings first, and print them at any time..."

   Fei Qian sighed slightly. If it was in later generations, there would be at least some live broadcasts, but now it can only be done.

   What worries me most now is the health of the two old people, especially Zheng Xuan.

   After a long period of accumulation, Qinglong Temple’s theory of correct interpretation finally reached the most brutal stage. I hope the two old people can hold on...

  (end of this chapter)