Three Kingdoms

  Chapter 2710 True Scriptures, False Scriptures, False True Scriptures

  Sima Hui feels that the "true scriptures" of the five gods are actually implementing Fei Qian's concept, that is, as long as there is real classics, not those fabricated by later generations under the guise of predecessors.

It is not a problem for the predecessors to write the scriptures of the predecessors, and the later generations to write the books of the later generations. It is a fundamental mistake to use this to prove that your new work is okay.

  The idea of ​​Huaxia's progress should be as brilliant as a newly bloomed flower every year, instead of being as old as an ancient flower.

  The birth of Gu Wen Jing and Jin Wen Jing were separated by a generation.

   Moreover, Sima Hui has now discovered that there are actually three batches, or three versions, of the ancient texts.

   There may even be more versions…

   That is, from Emperor Xiaowen to Emperor Xiaojing.

Why did Sima Hui think that the ancient texts were true? It was mainly because one of the ancient texts was discovered in the Kong family's mansion, and the other was Liu Yu. Ability, there is no use of ancient scriptures to compete for merit...

  Perhaps what King Lu Gong obtained should be true, but there was no follow-up movement on those books, so they disappeared.

  Sima Hui once felt that this matter was a pity, but now that he thinks about it, besides the pity, it is a little more suspicious.

  After all, based on common sense, since King Lu Gong got the book by destroying Confucius’ house, it seems that this book should not be re-presented by the people of Kong’an. Kong Anguo's so-called family collection version and King Lu Gong's Kong Bi version are probably not the same.

  Kong Anguo's ancient text should be the second edition.

  Kong Anguo's version is "from the past to the present", that is, to interpret the ancient text in the way of the modern text. Therefore, although it is called ancient prose in name, it may not be completely ancient prose in fact.

   So in whose hands should the first edition be?

  Sima Hui thought it should be in the hands of Liu Xin, the son of Huainan King Liu Xiang. And Liu Xiang's father is Liu De, and Liu De is Liu Yu's elder brother, so if Liu Yu, the king of Lu Gong, obtained the collection of books, then as a guy who likes running dogs, flying eagles and sensual beauties, he would give the books to his brothers Among them, those who like these scriptures seem to be a common deduction.

  Liu Xin was very dissatisfied with the doctor at that time who only taught the modern classics and did not teach the ancient classics. So he wrote a letter to Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty, accusing the Jinwenjing of being a newly compiled scripture after the Qin Dynasty's Xuanshu, which was incomplete compared with the ancient "Shangshu". It is requested to set up ancient Chinese classics such as "Mao Shi", "Zuo Zhuan" and "Li" among the academic officials.

  It's a pity...

Liu Xin's ancient texts did not catch up with the good times. The scriptures he sorted out may be true, but after a few years, Wang Mang took control of the real power. As a result, the "Ancient Texts and Classics Studies", which had just gained a firm foothold, was preparing to make a big effort to carry forward its own theories, but because of Wang Mang's downfall and Liu Xiu's rise, sudden changes occurred and all groups were wiped out.

  In addition, Sima Hui discovered in Dongguan's collection of books that, in fact, when Emperor Han became emperor, there was another person named Zhang who produced a 102-part "Shangshu" and dedicated it to the emperor. The emperor ordered people to find the books presented by Kong Anguo from the warehouse for comparison, and found that the same title had completely different contents. So at least when Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, there were already many versions of the ancient texts, and Kong Anguo's version was still in the royal family at least when Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty.

In fact, in history, it was not only in the Han Dynasty that some people used the names of ancient Chinese and modern texts to do things, even in the later feudal dynasties, there were also a large number of people who used the names of ancient people to say that they were written by a certain ancient person. …

   Regarding the authenticity of this ancient and modern text, it has always been a complex of Chinese literati. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the imperial court also specially wrote a letter of credence and sent it to North Korea, asking North Korea to find out if there were any ancient, that is, ancient scriptures before the Song Dynasty, and some must be sent. Then Mr. Ouyang Xiu also wrote a poem, in which he stated that "the order is strictly forbidden to spread to China, and no one in the world knows ancient Chinese." The ancient kings collected barbarians in the great collection, and the blue waves are so vast that there is no connection to the river." If anyone can find it, it must be grateful and shed tears. From this aspect, it also proves from a certain angle that the entire East Asian cultural circle was developed from the origin of China.

  For thousands of years, Huaxia's traffic code has been the word "Zun Gu". For traditional feudal dynasties, there is a self-evident truth that the older the age, the more authoritative and closer to the truth the words spoken.

   On the one hand, this standard has brought benefits. The spirit of "respecting the ancients" has stimulated the vigorous development of Chinese history, and it has also made China attach great importance to history and all dynasties, so that future generations can still read these thousand-year-old books.

   On the other hand, this standard also brings disadvantages. Among these traditional scripture books, a large part is explained layer by layer, and at the same time, it also relies on the words of the ancients layer by layer. Formed a nesting doll form of "jing, zhuan, zhu, shu", one layer explains the upper layer, and there is a clear interpretation power arrangement between each layer, and the interpretation of the lower layer will never question or change the upper layer.

"This...maybe this is what Hushi really wants us to do..." Sima Hui stretched out his hand, maybe he wanted to pat Zheng Xuan's arm at first, but when he landed, he still patted on the side of the bed, "Zheng Gong...old man Guys, get better soon... I didn't expect that I would be the only one on stage to do this...』

"After all... this is half the way you have gone... ancient and modern, true and false, haha," Sima Hui sighed for a long time, "It's not as good as... the serious and correct solution... You have missed the scripture teaching ceremony now, but this serious and correct solution , you need to get better...you can't miss it...』

  …(￣o￣).zZ…

  Hussar General's Mansion.

  『Father…』

  Fei Zhen rushed to the back hall, first pretended to salute, and then said eagerly, "Father, I want to see the scripture teaching ceremony!" 』

  Fei Qian curled his lips slightly, he has already turned a blind eye to all kinds of celebrations in the later generations, and it seems that some scripture-giving ceremonies really can't arouse his curiosity.

  But when he turned his head and saw Fei Zhen's gaze, Fei Qian seemed to understand a little bit.

  『Well, if you want to see it, it’s not impossible... I can have someone take you to the best place to watch it...』 Fei Qian smiled and put down the scroll in his hand, "But..."

  Fei Zhen slumped her shoulders, and sighed with a sad face, "I knew... well, Father, what is the topic this time?" 』

  『Well, let me think about it...』 Fei Qian squeezed the beard on his chin, 『By the way, since we want to observe rituals, let’s talk about the word "rituals"! 』

"present? Fei Zhen swallowed a mouthful of saliva, "Father, are you serious?" Such a big subject! 』

   Fei Qian let out a sigh, "Since you know that "ritual" is not easy, it means that you have gained some sincerity, how about it?" Well, you can also choose not to read it... If you do, of course you have to write about it...』

  Although "ritual" is a core of Chinese traditional culture, it is not easy to use concise words, or to give a clear definition of "ritual" and frame a scope. Because its connotation is too rich, it is difficult to contain.

The contents involved in "Rituals", "Zhou Li" and Da Dai's "Book of Rites" include the establishment of the emperor's kingdom and the division of territories, as well as politics, law, culture and education, rites, music, military punishment, taxation and wealth, crown and mourning Sacrifice, clothing and meals, palace chariots and horses, agriculture, business, medicine, divination, astronomical laws and calendars, etc., and even the craftsmanship of some utensils are included.

  However, just like a long sword is double-edged, because it is too inclusive, it seems very complicated, and it can even be said that there is no core focus.

  In fact, there is no core, and it doesn’t matter, just like many disciplines, in fact, I don’t know what the real core is. For example, in mathematics, do you mean that zero and one are the core, or do you mean calculation, application, or geometric space, and the micro and macro are the core? But mathematics and other subjects have a gradual process, from the initial understanding of numbers to advanced mathematics, from easy to difficult.

   But this "ritual", it seems that it was not prepared for people to learn from the beginning.

  At any rate, there were nine chapters on arithmetic in the Han Dynasty, telling people that if they are interested in mathematics, they can start to study and study these mathematical problems in daily life. There is no dedicated person to study how to teach mathematics, but it can be regarded as pointing out a direction. You can start climbing the peak of mathematics from these problems around you every day.

   But what about "Li"?

  Three rituals?

   A heavyweight king bomb?

   Is there a block three to explore the way first or something?

  I'm sorry, even the commentary of Sanli's commentary is a one-stop process from three to A.

   This is not a road at all, but a threshold!

  Because it is very simple, it has been settled from the beginning, the so-called "be courteous to ordinary people".

   But the question is, is it really good to be "not courteous to common people"?

  In the concept of these people, etiquette is common among the nobles, and ordinary people only have vulgarity, but this noble "ritual" and the so-called lowly "vulgarity" have nothing to do with Yangchun Baixue and Xialiba people? God is from the city, Lennon these country bumpkins?

   Fei Qian continued to read with a smile, while Fei Zhen held her head in her hands with a sad face.

  Fei Zhen felt that his head must be very big and heavy now, at least bigger than before. It would be very uncomfortable if he didn’t hold his neck.

  To go, or not to go, that is the difficult question.

   It’s fun to watch, of course it’s fun, but you also have to do your homework!

  Where did father learn it, and how to play must write policy theory? !

   And this strategy theory is not easy to write, it is like a big enemy with teeth and claws!

   If you don’t go, first of all there will be no fun to watch, and…

Fei Zhen suddenly thought of something, she tilted her head, and looked at Fei Qian suspiciously, "Father, you just said, "If you want to see it, you will write it naturally", it seems that you didn't say "If you don't read it, you don't need to write it." ...Isn't this cheating me? 』

   Feiqian groaned, "Oh? Did you guess it? That's it, it seems that I have to pay attention in the future... How about it, have you decided? 』

   Fei Zhen sighed, "It's all like this, what else to decide? 』

   Fei Qian laughed loudly, "This is the best of both worlds!" You go to see the fun, happy, I got your theory, also happy, isn't this a win-win situation? The best of both worlds! 』

   Fei Zhen shook her head, "No, this is not the best of both worlds. 』

  『Well, yes. Fei Qian nodded, "But at least I gave you a better choice." Remember, except for your parents who will take care of you, other people will not give you any good or not so good choices, they will only give you bad and even worse choices...』

  Fei Zhen was silent for a while, nodded, and then said goodbye, stood in the hall pondering for a while, did not turn to her own backyard, but followed the pebble path, passed through the bamboo forest, and arrived at another small courtyard. As soon as he entered the door, he yelled, "Er Niang! I'm coming! 』

  Cai Yan Xijing, she and Huang Yueying are almost in two completely different directions.

  In one yard, there will be clanging and clanging from time to time, and the other yard is quiet all year round, with the faint sound of the piano at most.

  『I heard it...』 Cai Yan said slowly, 『Why are you looking for Er Niang again? Did your father leave homework for you? 』

  『Uh…』 Fei Zhen was stunned for a moment, 「Well, I just came to see my sister...and my future brother...」

"Humph. Cai Yan put down the book in his hand, "You and your father are the same, you only come here when you have something to do... After all, what's the matter?" 』

  Cai Yan is pregnant again, and under the stimulation of endocrine hormones, her temper is in a state of ups and downs.

  『This…』 Fei Zhen hesitated for a while, but decided to confess, 『I still want to ask Er Niang for advice. What is "ritual"? 』

  『You want to write "Li"? Hehehe..." Cai Yan laughed unkindly, "This is a big topic! 』

   Fei Zhen sat down angrily, crossed her arms and embraced her chest, "Who said no? I just want to go to see the scripture teaching ceremony that will be held tomorrow, and then my father asked me to write an article on this policy! Isn't this trying to embarrass me? 』

  Cai Yan rolled her eyes, "Oh, I see. But it looks like you don't get it yet. 』

  『Ah, ah? Fei Zhen stared wide-eyed, and after a while, said honestly, arching her hands, "I also ask Erniang for advice. 』

  『You said you were going to see the scriptures, right? ’ Cai Yan said unhurriedly, ‘Isn’t this obvious? What your father wants you to write is not such a big ceremony, but how to go from vulgarity to propriety...or in other words, you can go from ritual to vulgarity...』

  『From vulgarity to courtesy? From etiquette to vulgarity? ’ Fei Zhen repeated.

   Being polite is naturally vulgar.

   So what is vulgar?

   "Shuowen Jiezi" says: "Vulgar, custom also. ’ That is to say, the habit of living. People live in their own specific environment, and over time, they have formed their own customs.

  There is not a completely insurmountable gap between rituals and customs. In the "Book of Rites and Kingship", the customs of the Quartet are also described as follows, "The east is called a barbarian, and there are tattoos, and there are people who do not eat fire." In the south, it is called Man, and there are some people who do not eat fire. In the west, it is called Rong, and the skin is published, and there are those who do not eat grains. In the north, it is called Di, who lives in caves in clothes and feathers, and some people do not eat grains. 』

"Therefore, those who don't eat fire and don't eat grains are called barbarians Rongdi..." Cai Yan said slowly, "This is a custom...don't think that there are no people who don't eat fire and don't eat grains in China... For example, human sacrifice and human sacrifice... And this topic, you have to start thinking about it from Xia, Shang and Zhou...』

  『Xia, Shang and Zhou? ’ Fei Zhen swallowed her saliva again, “Er Niang, I’m just writing a theory…”

"how? Cai Yan smiled slightly, "Do you think it's better to be casual or serious?" 』

  Fei Zhen sighed for a long time, feeling that everything is unfavorable today, next time she should do a good fortune-telling before going out.

  Yes, Xia, Shang and Zhou also had customs.

  The human sacrifice mentioned by Cai Yan just now is one aspect, and the other aspect is divination.

   Divination is required for everything, no matter how big or small it is.

The custom of divination appeared at the latest in the Longshan culture period of China. It has gone through such a long time from ancient times to Yin Shang, from tortoise bones to prophecy. Not only did it not disappear, but it became a tool for the Eastern Han Dynasty to prove its identity and gain power. An important tool, if Fei Qian hadn't cut off its source of injection in the Great Theory of Qinglong Temple, it would probably continue to continue, becoming a tool for some people or certain classes to deceive others and obtain benefits.

  『Rites are the weekly system. Cai Yan continued, "Zhou ago, it was rude." Weeks later, also rude. Then why are there Zhou rituals, and why there are no Zhou rituals? These are enough for you to write a dozen articles...Okay, that's all I'll teach you...By the way, take your sister to play outside, she It gave me a headache...'

Cai Yan doesn't have to worry about her daughter getting hurt when she plays with Fei Zhen. Anyway, there are a lot of old mothers and maids watching. It's just that children naturally follow the older children and listen to the older children but don't Listen to the adults.

  Fei Zhen was helpless. He found out that his father, mother, second mother and so on are actually pretty much the same. Anyway, if he wants to get benefits, it's okay, but he still has to work.

   No, he came to ask a question, and he had to pay the price of bringing a girl.

"Eh! 』

   Fei Zhen could only answer, and then waited in the courtyard for a while, then took the little guy to another courtyard.

  Despite the noise of the brats around her, Fei Zhen was still thinking about the topic...

   King Zhou defeated Zhou and established the Great Zhou Dynasty, but this week's ceremony was not done by King Zhou alone, but by a core figure, Duke Zhou.

  Duke Zhou personally participated in the great struggle against Zhou, and witnessed how powerful the Yin and Shang Dynasty once was, but the scene of its collapse. As an outstanding statesman, Zhou Gongdan is also thinking about whether the destiny is playing a role behind this major historical event? What should Zhou people do to achieve long-term peace and stability?

  So "Li" was finally born.

  Zhou Gongdan analyzed the way of the Yin and Shang kings' conduct of government, and came to the conclusion that the Yin and Shang Dynasties died of "lost morality". In view of this, the Duke of Zhou put forward the political program of implementing "virtuous governance". To ensure the implementation of "virtuous governance", first of all, it is necessary to establish a new political system, and second, it is necessary to formulate a set of systematic codes of conduct. The combination of the two is the earliest "ritual".

   This initial "ritual" was later advocated by Confucius and played by Xunzi, and gradually formed a broad system, including not only political systems, but also moral standards and codes of conduct. "Etiquette" is no longer just a requirement for rulers, but also a requirement for knowledgeable "gentlemen", and has become a standard for gentry officials.

So to say…

"oops! I see! 』

   Fei Zhen slapped her hands, and shouted excitedly, but startled the little girl beside her, she immediately rolled her eyes and mouth, and burst into tears.

  『Ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh…you have such a loud voice, you don’t look like your mother at all… No, don’t cry, well, cry again, and I won’t play with you tomorrow! 』

  (end of this chapter)